When you have multiple Prometheus servers, it can become quite cumbersome to know which one to query for a certain metric. Another problem that quickly comes up is how to aggregate data from multiple instances, possibly in multiple datacenters. Here's where federation comes into the picture. Federation allows you to have a Prometheus instance scraping selected time series from other instances, effectively serving as a higher-level aggregating instance. This can happen in a hierarchical fashion, with each layer aggregating metrics from lower-level instances into larger-encompassing time series, or in a cross-service pattern, where a few metrics are selected from instances in the same level for federation so that some recording and alerting rules become possible. For example, you could collect data for service throughput or latency in each...
Hands-On Infrastructure Monitoring with Prometheus
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Hands-On Infrastructure Monitoring with Prometheus
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Overview of this book
Prometheus is an open source monitoring system. It provides a modern time series database, a robust query language, several metric visualization possibilities, and a reliable alerting solution for traditional and cloud-native infrastructure.
This book covers the fundamental concepts of monitoring and explores Prometheus architecture, its data model, and how metric aggregation works. Multiple test environments are included to help explore different configuration scenarios, such as the use of various exporters and integrations. You’ll delve into PromQL, supported by several examples, and then apply that knowledge to alerting and recording rules, as well as how to test them. After that, alert routing with Alertmanager and creating visualizations with Grafana is thoroughly covered. In addition, this book covers several service discovery mechanisms and even provides an example of how to create your own. Finally, you’ll learn about Prometheus federation, cross-sharding aggregation, and also long-term storage with the help of Thanos.
By the end of this book, you’ll be able to implement and scale Prometheus as a full monitoring system on-premises, in cloud environments, in standalone instances, or using container orchestration with Kubernetes.
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Hands-On Infrastructure Monitoring with Prometheus
Table of Contents (21 chapters)
Preface
Monitoring Fundamentals
An Overview of the Prometheus Ecosystem
Setting Up a Test Environment
Section 2: Getting Started with Prometheus
Prometheus Metrics Fundamentals
Running a Prometheus Server
Exporters and Integrations
Prometheus Query Language - PromQL
Troubleshooting and Validation
Section 3: Dashboards and Alerts
Defining Alerting and Recording Rules
Discovering and Creating Grafana Dashboards
Understanding and Extending Alertmanager
Section 4: Scalability, Resilience, and Maintainability
Choosing the Right Service Discovery
Scaling and Federating Prometheus
Integrating Long-Term Storage with Prometheus
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