Book Image

Advanced C++

By : Gazihan Alankus, Olena Lizina, Rakesh Mane, Vivek Nagarajan, Brian Price
5 (1)
Book Image

Advanced C++

5 (1)
By: Gazihan Alankus, Olena Lizina, Rakesh Mane, Vivek Nagarajan, Brian Price

Overview of this book

C++ is one of the most widely used programming languages and is applied in a variety of domains, right from gaming to graphical user interface (GUI) programming and even operating systems. If you're looking to expand your career opportunities, mastering the advanced features of C++ is key. The book begins with advanced C++ concepts by helping you decipher the sophisticated C++ type system and understand how various stages of compilation convert source code to object code. You'll then learn how to recognize the tools that need to be used in order to control the flow of execution, capture data, and pass data around. By creating small models, you'll even discover how to use advanced lambdas and captures and express common API design patterns in C++. As you cover later chapters, you'll explore ways to optimize your code by learning about memory alignment, cache access, and the time a program takes to run. The concluding chapter will help you to maximize performance by understanding modern CPU branch prediction and how to make your code cache-friendly. By the end of this book, you'll have developed programming skills that will set you apart from other C++ programmers.
Table of Contents (11 chapters)
7
6. Streams and I/O

Introduction

C++ is a strongly typed, statically typed language. The compiler uses type information related to the variables that are used and the context in which they are used to detect and prevent certain classes of programming errors. This means that every object has a type and that type does not change, ever. In contrast, dynamically typed languages such as Python and PHP defer this type checking until runtime (also known as late binding), and the type of a variable may change during the execution of the application. These languages use the duck test instead of the variables type – that is, "if it walks and talks like a duck, then it must be a duck." Statically typed languages such as C++ rely on the type to determine whether a variable can be used for a given purpose, while dynamically typed languages rely on the presence of certain methods and properties to determine its suitability.

C++ was originally described as "C with classes". What does this mean? Basically...