Book Image

Advanced C++

By : Gazihan Alankus, Olena Lizina, Rakesh Mane, Vivek Nagarajan, Brian Price
5 (1)
Book Image

Advanced C++

5 (1)
By: Gazihan Alankus, Olena Lizina, Rakesh Mane, Vivek Nagarajan, Brian Price

Overview of this book

C++ is one of the most widely used programming languages and is applied in a variety of domains, right from gaming to graphical user interface (GUI) programming and even operating systems. If you're looking to expand your career opportunities, mastering the advanced features of C++ is key. The book begins with advanced C++ concepts by helping you decipher the sophisticated C++ type system and understand how various stages of compilation convert source code to object code. You'll then learn how to recognize the tools that need to be used in order to control the flow of execution, capture data, and pass data around. By creating small models, you'll even discover how to use advanced lambdas and captures and express common API design patterns in C++. As you cover later chapters, you'll explore ways to optimize your code by learning about memory alignment, cache access, and the time a program takes to run. The concluding chapter will help you to maximize performance by understanding modern CPU branch prediction and how to make your code cache-friendly. By the end of this book, you'll have developed programming skills that will set you apart from other C++ programmers.

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Table of Contents (11 chapters)
About the Book
About the Book
About the Authors
Learning Objectives
Audience
Approach
Hardware Requirements
Software Requirements
Installation and Setup
Installing the Code Bundle
Additional Resources
Free Chapter
1
1. Anatomy of Portable C++ Software
1. Anatomy of Portable C++ Software
Introduction
Managing C++ Projects
Importing a CMake Project into Eclipse CDT
Unit Testing
Understanding Compilation, Linking, and Object File Contents
Debugging C++ Code
Writing Readable Code
Summary
2
2A. No Ducks Allowed – Types and Deduction
2A. No Ducks Allowed – Types and Deduction
Introduction
C++ Types
Specifying Types – Variables
Specifying Types – Functions
Creating User Types
Summary
3
2B. No Ducks Allowed – Templates and Deduction
2B. No Ducks Allowed – Templates and Deduction
Introduction
Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Interfaces
Visibility, Lifetime, and Access
Templates – Generic Programming
Type Aliases – typedef and using
Templates – More than Generic Programming
Class Templates
Summary
4
3. No Leaks Allowed - Exceptions and Resources
3. No Leaks Allowed - Exceptions and Resources
Introduction
Exceptions in C++
Resource Management (in an Exceptional World)
Summary
5
4. Separation of Concerns - Software Architecture, Functions, and Variadic Templates
4. Separation of Concerns - Software Architecture, Functions, and Variadic Templates
Introduction
Function Objects and Lambda Expressions
Variadic Templates
Summary
6
5. The Philosophers' Dinner – Threads and Concurrency
5. The Philosophers' Dinner – Threads and Concurrency
Introduction
Synchronous, Asynchronous, and Threaded Execution
Review Synchronization, Data Hazards, and Race Conditions
Futures, Promises, and Async
Summary
7
6. Streams and I/O
6. Streams and I/O
Introduction
Summary
8
7. Everybody Falls, It's How You Get Back Up – Testing and Debugging
7. Everybody Falls, It's How You Get Back Up – Testing and Debugging
Introduction
Unit Testing and Mock Testing
Summary
9
8. Need for Speed – Performance and Optimization
8. Need for Speed – Performance and Optimization
Introduction
Performance Measurement
Runtime Profiling
Optimization Strategies
Further Optimizations
Cache Friendly Code
Summary
Appendix
Appendix
Chapter 1 - Anatomy of Portable C++ Software
Chapter 2A - No Ducks Allowed – Types and Deduction
Chapter – 2B - No Ducks Allowed – Templates and Deduction
Chapter 3 - The Distance between Can and Should – Objects, Pointers and Inheritance
Activity 2: Implementing classes for Date Calculations
Chapter 4 - Separation of Concerns - Software Architecture, Functions, Variadic Templates
Chapter 5 - The Philosophers' Dinner – Threads and Concurrency
Chapter 6 – Streams and I/O
Chapter 7 - Everybody Falls, It's How You Get Back Up – Testing and Debugging
Chapter 8 - Need for Speed – Performance and Optimization

Performance Measurement

The most important aspect of optimization is the measurement of code execution time. Unless we measure our application's performance with a wide range of input datasets, we will have no clue as to which part takes the most time and, our optimization efforts will be shot in the dark, with no guarantee of a result. There are several approaches for measurement, and some of them are listed here:

  • Runtime instrumentation or profiling
  • Source code instrumentation
  • Manual execution timing
  • Studying generated assembly code
  • Manual estimation by studying the code and algorithms used

The preceding list is ordered in terms of how accurate the measurement is (with the most accurate one first). However, each of these methods has different advantages. The choice of which approach to adopt depends on the goals and scope of the optimization effort. In an all-out effort to get the fastest possible implementation, all of these may be required. We will examine...

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