if/else
One of the most basic, yet most important, control flow statements is if. This simple keyword is at the heart of all logic, allowing us to perform a given action only if a specified condition is true. By chaining these if statements together in creative ways, we can model any logical system.
The syntax for an if statement is as follows:
if (condition) { // do stuff. }
If the statement we use as our condition resolves to true, then the code within the curly braces will be executed. If the statement is false, then it will be skipped. Our condition can be anything that can be either true or false. This can be something simple, such as checking the value of a Boolean, or something more complex, such as the result of another operation or function.
We also have the else statement. This allows code to be executed if, and only if, a preceding if statement's condition evaluates to false. If the condition evaluates to true, however, and the if...