Oracle Database 12c Security Cookbook

Oracle Database 12c Security Cookbook

By : Zoran Pavlovic, Maja Veselica

Buy this Book

Oracle Database 12c Security Cookbook

By: Zoran Pavlovic, Maja Veselica

Buy this Book

Overview of this book

Businesses around the world are paying much greater attention toward database security than they ever have before. Not only does the current regulatory environment require tight security, particularly when dealing with sensitive and personal data, data is also arguably a company’s most valuable asset - why wouldn’t you want to protect it in a secure and reliable database? Oracle Database lets you do exactly that. It’s why it is one of the world’s leading databases – with a rich portfolio of features to protect data from contemporary vulnerabilities, it’s the go-to database for many organizations. Oracle Database 12c Security Cookbook helps DBAs, developers, and architects to better understand database security challenges. Let it guide you through the process of implementing appropriate security mechanisms, helping you to ensure you are taking proactive steps to keep your data safe. Featuring solutions for common security problems in the new Oracle Database 12c, with this book you can be confident about securing your database from a range of different threats and problems.

Oracle Database 12c Security Cookbook

Credits

About the Authors

About the Reviewers

www.PacktPub.com

Preface

Free Chapter

Basic Database Security

Introduction

Creating a password profile

Creating password-authenticated users

Changing a user's password

Creating a user with the same credentials on another database

Locking a user account

Expiring a user's password

Creating and using OS-authenticated users

Creating and using proxy users

Creating and using database roles

The sysbackup privilege – how, when, and why should you use it?

The syskm privilege – how, when, and why should you use it?

The sysdg privilege – how, when, and why should you use it?

Security Considerations in Multitenant Environment

Introduction

Creating a common user

Creating a local user

Creating a common role

Creating a local role

Granting privileges and roles commonly

Granting privileges and roles locally

Effects of plugging/unplugging operations on users, roles, and privileges

PL/SQL Security

Introduction

Creating and using definer's rights procedures

Creating and using invoker's right procedures

Using code-based access control

Restricting access to program units by using accessible by

Virtual Private Database

Introduction

Creating different policy functions

Creating Oracle Virtual Private Database row-level policies

Creating column-level policies

Creating a driving context

Creating policy groups

Setting context as a driving context

Adding policy to a group

Exempting users from VPD policies

Data Redaction

Introduction

Creating a redaction policy when using full redaction

Creating a redaction policy when using partial redaction

Creating a redaction policy when using random redaction

Creating a redaction policy when using regular expression redaction

Using Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 12c to manage redaction policies

Changing the function parameters for a specified column

Add a column to the redaction policy

Enabling, disabling, and dropping redaction policy

Exempting users from data redaction policies

Transparent Sensitive Data Protection

Introduction

Creating a sensitive type

Determining sensitive columns

Creating transparent sensitive data protection policy

Associating transparent sensitive data protection policy with sensitive type

Enabling, disabling, and dropping policy

Altering transparent sensitive data protection policy

Privilege Analysis

Introduction

Creating database analysis policy

Creating role analysis policy

Creating context analysis policy

Creating combined analysis policy

Starting and stopping privilege analysis

Reporting on used system privileges

Reporting on used object privileges

Reporting on unused system privileges

Reporting on unused object privileges

How to revoke unused privileges

Dropping the analysis

Transparent Data Encryption

Introduction

Configuring keystore location in sqlnet.ora

Creating and opening the keystore

Setting master encryption key in software keystore

Column encryption - adding new encrypted column to table

Column encryption - creating new table that has encrypted column(s)

Using salt and MAC

Column encryption - encrypting existing column

Auto-login keystore

Encrypting tablespace

Rekeying

Backup and Recovery

Database Vault

Introduction

Registering Database Vault

Preventing users from exercising system privileges on schema objects

Securing roles

Preventing users from executing specific command on specific object

Creating a rule set

Creating a secure application role

Using Database Vault to implement that administrators cannot view data

Running Oracle Database Vault reports

Disabling Database Vault

Re-enabling Database Vault

Unified Auditing

Introduction

Enabling Unified Auditing mode

Configuring whether loss of audit data is acceptable

Which roles do you need to have to be able to create audit policies and to view audit data?

Auditing RMAN operations

Auditing Data Pump operations

Auditing Database Vault operations

Creating audit policies to audit privileges, actions and roles under specified conditions

Enabling audit policy

Finding information about audit policies and audited data

Auditing application contexts

Purging audit trail

Disabling and dropping audit policies

Additional Topics

Introduction

Exporting data using Oracle Data Pump in Oracle Database Vault environment

Creating factors in Oracle Database Vault

Using TDE in a multitenant environment

Appendix – Application Contexts

Introduction

Exploring and using built-in contexts

Creating an application context

Setting application context attributes

Using an application context

Customer Reviews

5 star

4 star

3 star

2 star

1 star

Creating and using OS-authenticated users

In this recipe, you'll learn about OS-authenticated users.

Getting ready

To complete this recipe, you'll need an existing user who has a dba role, for example, johndba. It is assumed that you are working on Linux.

How to do it...

Connect to the database as a user who has a DBA role:
```
$ sqlplus johndba
```

Find the prefix for operating system authentication:

SQL> show parameter os_authent_prefix
   
NAME                  TYPE          VALUE      
-----------------     --------      -----------
os_authent_prefix     string        ops$

Create an OS-authenticated user:

SQL> create user ops$zoran identified externally;

Grant this user the create session privilege:

SQL> grant create session to ops$zoran;

Log in to the operating system as the user zoran:
```
$ su - zoran
```
Connect to the database without entering a user name or password:
```
$ sqlplus /
```

How it works...

In OS authentication, database delegates user authentication to the operating system. This means that in order for OS authentication to work, user must exist as the user of the operating system. In database, these users are created with a prefix that is defined in the os_authent_prefix parameter (default is ops$). If an OS-authenticated user has the create session privilege, he or she can connect to the database using the following syntax:

    SQL> connect /
    Connected.
    
    SQL> show user
    USER is "OPS$ZORAN"

Note

Note that you cannot grant a sysdba, sysoper, sysbackup, sysdg, or syskm privilege to users that are identified externally, using a grant statement:

 SQL> grant sysdba to ops$zoran;
    grant sysdba to ops$zoran

ERROR at line 1: ORA-01997: GRANT failed: user
      'OPS$ZORAN' identified externally

If you want to connect as sysdba using OS authentication, you have to add OS user zoran to OS group DBA:

[root@db121 ~]# usermod -a -G dba zoran
[root@db121 ~]# su - zoran
[zoran@db121 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Fri Sep 03 20:14:03 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64 bit
Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

There's more...

You can change the os_authent_prefix parameter with custom value (or you can leave it blank if you want OS-authenticated database users to have the same name as OS users).

Oracle Database 12c Security Cookbook

By : Zoran Pavlovic, Maja Veselica

Oracle Database 12c Security Cookbook

By: Zoran Pavlovic, Maja Veselica

Overview of this book

Related Content you might be interested in

Current Title:

Oracle Database 12c Security Cookbook

Creating and using OS-authenticated users

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

Note

There's more...