Python comes with a lot of built-in functions. They are available anywhere and you can get a list of them by inspecting the builtin module with dir(__builtin__), or by going to the official Python documentation. Unfortunately, I don't have the room to go through all of them here. Some of them we've already seen, such as any, bin, bool, divmod, filter, float, getattr, id, int, len, list, min, print, set, tuple, type, and zip, but there are many more, which you should read at least once.
Get familiar with them, experiment, write a small piece of code for each of them, make sure you have them at the tip of your fingers so that you can use them when you need them.