Book Image

Scala Functional Programming Patterns

By : Atul S. Khot
Book Image

Scala Functional Programming Patterns

By: Atul S. Khot

Overview of this book

Scala is used to construct elegant class hierarchies for maximum code reuse and extensibility and to implement their behavior using higher-order functions. Its functional programming (FP) features are a boon to help you design “easy to reason about” systems to control the growing software complexities. Knowing how and where to apply the many Scala techniques is challenging. Looking at Scala best practices in the context of what you already know helps you grasp these concepts quickly, and helps you see where and why to use them. This book begins with the rationale behind patterns to help you understand where and why each pattern is applied. You will discover what tail recursion brings to your table and will get an understanding of how to create solutions without mutations. We then explain the concept of memorization and infinite sequences for on-demand computation. Further, the book takes you through Scala’s stackable traits and dependency injection, a popular technique to produce loosely-coupled software systems. You will also explore how to currying favors to your code and how to simplify it by de-construction via pattern matching. We also show you how to do pipeline transformations using higher order functions such as the pipes and filters pattern. Then we guide you through the increasing importance of concurrent programming and the pitfalls of traditional code concurrency. Lastly, the book takes a paradigm shift to show you the different techniques that functional programming brings to your plate. This book is an invaluable source to help you understand and perform functional programming and solve common programming problems using Scala’s programming patterns.
Table of Contents (19 chapters)
Scala Functional Programming Patterns
Credits
About the Author
Aknowledgement
About the Reviewers
www.PacktPub.com
Preface
Index

Infinite sequences – Scala streams


We have seen many examples of Scala's list. Lists are sequences. Moreover, lists are strict sequences. Meaning all elements of the list are constructed upfront. However, there are non-strict sequences, whose elements are constructed as needed.

A list is formed by connecting cons cells. There are two cases:

  1. 1 :: Nil

    In this case, the cons cell has a value and the empty list as a tail. This list has only one element. Let's fire up the REPL and try the following snippets:

    scala> 1 :: Nil
    res2: List[Int] = List(1)
    
  2. 1 :: 2 :: Nil

    Here, we have the cons cell having a value and another list as a tail:

    scala> (1 :: (2 :: Nil)).tail
    res11: List[Int] = List(2)
    

A list with three elements looks like the following:

scala> val p = 4 :: 5 :: 6 :: Nil 
p: List[Int] = List(4, 5, 6) 

This version, could be rewritten as:

scala> val p = (4 :: (5 :: (6 :: Nil))) 
p: List[Int] = List(4, 5, 6) 

This version, in turn, could be written as:

scala> val p = ( ( (Nil...