Since I already mentioned the tree example, let's see how we can implement it. In this example, we will create a very small forest of fruit trees. It is small to make sure that the whole output is readable in a single terminal page. However, no matter how large you make the forest, the memory allocation stays the same. An Enum parameter describes the three different types of fruit trees as follows:

TreeType = Enum('TreeType', 'apple_tree cherry_tree peach_tree')

Before diving into the code, let's spend a moment to note the difference between memoization and the Flyweight pattern. Memoization is an optimization technique that uses a cache to avoid recomputing results that were already computed in an earlier execution step. Memoization does not focus on a specific programming paradigm such as object-oriented programming (OOP). In Python, memoization can be applied on both methods and simple functions. Flyweight is an OOP-specific optimization design pattern that focuses on...