The first task we are going to address is to build a URL shortener library. But before anything else...what is a URL shortener, and how does it work?
A URL is a unique address that identifies a webpage (or domain) on the Internet (the pretty and readable version of an IP Address). URLs such as www.google.com or www.apple.com seem to be easy, short, and straightforward to remember and use. However, the Internet today is full of content (more than we can even imagine) and each webpage needs its own unique URL. Moreover, we apply some organization to make URLs more structured and easy to use with the use of slashes, /, the slugs from blog posts, the date included in the URL, and so on. All of this information makes URLs longer, so it is not complicated to find URLs such as www.domain.com/category/subcategory/year/month/day/long-blog-post-slug-or-title.
And this is the most common pattern for blog sites, for example, which are one of the most shared content...