Concurrency and parallelism are two terms that you hear a lot about now when it comes to programming for multiprocessor machines. While the terms themselves and techniques behind the two are distinctly different, sometimes people will confuse one for the other. Because of this, I think it's important to quickly clear the air on these two terms before moving forward, as I will reference them in various places throughout the rest of the book.
If you go and look up the word concurrent in the dictionary, you will see that it's a term that applies some form of competition. I think that's a good place to start when trying to understand how concurrency relates to computing and computer programming.
Back in the old days, when computers only had one CPU, that processor had to be smart about how it scheduled and executed the work that was being requested of it. Imagine you were on your old, single CPU computer and were typing...