C++ provides integer, floating point, and Boolean types. The char type is an integer but it can be used to hold individual characters and so its data can be viewed as a number or as a character. The C++ Standard Library provides the string class to allow you to use and manipulate strings of characters. Strings will be covered in depth in Chapter 9, Using Strings.
As the name suggests, integer types contain integral values where there are no fractional parts. If you perform calculations with integers you should expect that any fractional parts will be discarded unless you take steps to retain them (for example, through the remainder operator %). Floating point types hold numbers that may have a fractional part; because floating point types can hold numbers in a mantissa exponent format, they can hold exceptionally large or exceptionally small numbers.
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