Book Image

Beginning C# 7 Hands-On - The Core Language

By : Tom Owsiak

Book Image

Beginning C# 7 Hands-On - The Core Language

By: Tom Owsiak

Overview of this book

Beginning C# 7 Hands-On - The Core Language teaches you core C# language and syntax in a working Visual Studio environment. This book covers everything from core language through to more advanced features such as object-oriented programming techniques. This book is for C# 7 beginners who need a practical reference to core C# language features. You'll also gain a view of C# 7 through web programming with web forms, so you'll learn HTML, basic CSS, and how to use a variety of controls, such as buttons and drop-down lists. You'll start with the fundamentals of C# and Visual Studio, including defining variables, interacting with users, and understanding data types, data conversions, and constants. You'll move on to checking conditions using if/else blocks, and see how to use loops to do things such as repeat blocks of code. After covering various operators to evaluate and assign control structures, you'll see how to use arrays to store collections of data. By the time you’ve finished the book, you’ll know how to program the vital elements of the core C# language. These are the building blocks that you can then combine to build complex C# programs.

Preface

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Reader feedback

Customer support

Free Chapter

Why C# and How to Download and Install the Visual Studio Community Edition

Why C# and How to Download and Install the Visual Studio Community Edition

Locating and downloading the Visual Studio Community edition

Customizing Visual Studio to Make it Feel More Personal

Customizing Visual Studio to Make it Feel More Personal

Customizing Visual Studio

Selecting the text editor font and size

Selecting the Statement Completion font and size

Selecting the Environment font and size

Positioning Visual Studio panels

Creating and Running Your First Page

Creating and Running Your First Page

Starting a new project in Visual C#

Working with Solutions Explorer

Adding a document to your browser

Working with HTML code in Visual Studio

Launching the HTML code

Creating and Running a Page That Incorporates C#

Creating and Running a Page That Incorporates C#

Improving your first program

Working in the Design view

Working in the Source view

Viewing the code in your browser

Creating and Using a Single Variable

Creating and Using a Single Variable

Setting up Visual C# to deal with a variable

Running the code

String Interpolation and Updating Visual Studio

String Interpolation and Updating Visual Studio

Selecting a NuGet package

Formatting Output Strings for More Professional Results

Formatting Output Strings for More Professional Results

Setting a value and formatting it as currency

Using Variables and Data Types

Using Variables and Data Types

Setting a page title automatically

Computed Variables and Basic Math

Computed Variables and Basic Math

Declaring and setting two variables to signify two different salaries

Interacting with Users Through the Web Page

Interacting with Users Through the Web Page

Using Toolbox to search for a command

Using Method Chaining to Write More Compact Code

Using Method Chaining to Write More Compact Code

Inserting a text box into the markup

Reacting to a Single Condition with If/Else Blocks

Reacting to a Single Condition with If/Else Blocks

Adding checkbox to your code

Making a Variable Grow by Adding 1

Making a Variable Grow by Adding 1

Growing a variable by one

Repeating Blocks of Code with While Loops

Repeating Blocks of Code with While Loops

Inserting a button

Repeating Blocks of Code with For Loops

Repeating Blocks of Code with For Loops

Inserting a button

Iterating Over Collections with foreach Loops

Iterating Over Collections with foreach Loops

Inserting TextBox

Examining Multiple Variable Values with Switch Blocks

Examining Multiple Variable Values with Switch Blocks

Inserting DropBox and Label

Improving Input Processing with TryParse

Improving Input Processing with TryParse

Inserting a button and a textbox

Replacing If/Else Blocks with the Ternary Operator

Replacing If/Else Blocks with the Ternary Operator

Inserting two text boxes and a button

Operators That Evaluate and Assign in Place

Operators That Evaluate and Assign in Place

Inserting Button and Label

Checking Two Conditions with the Logical AND Operator

Checking Two Conditions with the Logical AND Operator

Setting up the project

Checking Two Conditions with the Logical OR Operator

Checking Two Conditions with the Logical OR Operator

Working with check boxes

Declaring, Setting, and Reading Arrays

Declaring, Setting, and Reading Arrays

Setting up the basic interface

Iterating Over Arrays with foreach Loops

Iterating Over Arrays with foreach Loops

Setting up the beginning interface

Creating and Using a Simple Method

Creating and Using a Simple Method

Setting up the user interface

Passing Arrays into Methods

Passing Arrays into Methods

Setting up the user interface

Reference Type and Value Type Variables

Reference Type and Value Type Variables

Setting up the user interface

Creating More Flexible Methods with the params Keyword

Creating More Flexible Methods with the params Keyword

Designing the starting markup

Creating More Flexible Functions with the out Keyword

Creating More Flexible Functions with the out Keyword

Setting up the beginning interface

Combining the ref and out Keywords to Write Flexible Functions

Combining the ref and out Keywords to Write Flexible Functions

Setting up the starting interface

The out Keyword in C# 7

The out Keyword in C# 7

Creating the program template

Writing the Summarize function

Implementing the function

Running the program

Multidimensional Arrays

Multidimensional Arrays

Understanding two-dimensional arrays

Writing Easier Code with the Var and Dynamic Keywords

Writing Easier Code with the Var and Dynamic Keywords

Setting up the project

Creating a Class with a Constructor and a Function

Creating a Class with a Constructor and a Function

Our initial markup

Creating a Class with a Static Method

Creating a Class with a Static Method

Setting up a simple initial interface

Creating a Class with an Object Property

Creating a Class with an Object Property

Setting up a simple markup page

Creating a Class with Static Fields, and Properties

Creating a Class with Static Fields, and Properties

Setting up the interface for this project

Centralizing Common Code with Inheritance

Centralizing Common Code with Inheritance

Setting up the interface for this lesson

Centralizing Default Code with Virtual Functions

Centralizing Default Code with Virtual Functions

Setting up a basic HTML for this project

Model Concepts with Abstract Classes

Model Concepts with Abstract Classes

Introducing the basic HTML for this lesson's project

Using Custom Types as Return Types

Using Custom Types as Return Types

Setting up the project

Using Lists to Operate on Data Efficiently

Using Lists to Operate on Data Efficiently

Summarizing the values in a list

Writing Less Code with Polymorphism

Writing Less Code with Polymorphism

Setting up the markup for this project

Using Interfaces to Express Common Behaviors

Using Interfaces to Express Common Behaviors

Building a hierarchy

Iterating over Instances with Indexers

Iterating over Instances with Indexers

Setting up a records project

Building Stabler Apps with Exception Handling

Building Stabler Apps with Exception Handling

Setting up the HTML for this chapter

Using a try block

Using Named and Optional Parameters

Using Named and Optional Parameters

Setting up the Book class

Using the Null Coalescing Operator to Write Stabler Applications

Using the Null Coalescing Operator to Write Stabler Applications

Setting up the basic HTML for this project

Searching a database

Overloading Operators to Perform Custom Operations

Overloading Operators to Perform Custom Operations

Creating a Vector class

Using Enumerations to Represent Named Constants

Using Enumerations to Represent Named Constants

Setting up a drop-down list

Creating and Using Namespaces

Creating and Using Namespaces

Creating a new project with a new namespace

Structs, Random Points, and Sleeping Threads

Structs, Random Points, and Sleeping Threads

Adding a SimpleStruct class file

Coding the struct

Modifying the HTML to make use of the struct

Making an array of points

Displaying the results

Running the program

Debugging the program

Declaring, Creating, and Using Delegates

Declaring, Creating, and Using Delegates

Setting up the HTML for this project

Checking out the interface

Making a delegate

Running the program

Switch Blocks with when in C# 7.0

Switch Blocks with when in C# 7.0

Creating the classes

Writing the Main function code

Running the program

Switch Blocks with Objects in C# 7.0

Switch Blocks with Objects in C# 7.0

Creating the interface

Implementing the interface

Creating the Main() program

Running the program

Tuples in C# 7.0

Tuples in C# 7.0

Creating the tuple function

Writing the Main() code

Running the program

Local functions in C# 7.0

Local functions in C# 7.0

Creating the application and core functions

Creating the local function

Running the code

Throwing Exceptions in C# 7.0

Throwing Exceptions in C# 7.0

Creating the main code

Running the program

Tuples in C# 7.0, Part 2

Tuples in C# 7.0, Part 2

Creating the constructor

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Running the program

Let's go ahead and run this. Go to Debug > Start Without Debugging or use Ctrl + F5. You should see the following:

Figure 5.2: The Debug screen

It should say I move by flapping my fins., which is correct. Now, let's head back to our code and change it so that we create a Human object, rather than Fish. The changed line should read as follows:

Movable movableObject = new Human();

All we've done here is replace Fish with Human; we're creating a different type of object. Let's go ahead and run this new code. Go to Debug > Start Without Debugging and you should see the following:

Figure 5.3: The Debug screen

The preceding example uses polymorphism because human and fish are treated as Movable objects, and when the Move method is called on each one, the correct, derived class version of Move is invoked.

Here's the complete...