The tips mentioned earlier are some of the most common techniques to optimize a program. Some of them are Python specific (such as string concatenation or using ctypes) and others are more generic (such as memoization and lookup tables).
There are still a few more minor tips and tricks specific to Python, which we will cover here. They might not yield a significant boost of speed, but they will shed some more light into the inner workings of the language:
Membership testing: When trying to figure out if a value is inside a list (we use the word "list" generically here, not specifically referencing the type
list), something such as "a in b", we would have better results using sets and dictionaries (with a lookup time of O(1)) than lists or tuples.Don't reinvent the wheel: Python comes with built-in core blocks that are written in optimized C. There is no need to use hand-built alternatives, since the latter will most likely be slower. Datatypes such as
lists,tuples...