Many things are organized in a list. Lists are useful when you have to show items or when your user has to choose from a set of possible options. Usually, standard lists are flat, but sometimes, you need to transmit more information in addition to a list of items. Let's think about when you go to choose a font in an advanced text editor such as Microsoft Word or Apache OpenOffice. Having the name of the font drawn in the font style itself helps users make a faster and more reasoned choice. In this recipe, we'll see how to make listboxes more useful. The code is perfectly valid for TComboBox as well.
As we saw in the recipe, Customizing TDBGrid, many VCL controls are able to delegate their drawing, or part of it, to user code. It means that we can use simple event handlers to draw standard components in different ways. Let's say that we have a list of products in our store and we have to set discounts on these products. As there are many products, we want to make the processing in a way that our users can make a fast selection between the available discount percentages using a "color code."
Create a brand new VCL application and drop a TListBox on the form. Set the following properties:
Property
Value
Style
lbOwnerDrawFixedFont.Size
14In the listbox
Itemsproperty, add seven levels of discount. For example, you can use no discount, 10 percent discount, 20 percent discount, 30 percent discount, 40 percent discount, 50 percent discount, 60 percent discount, and 70 percent discount.Then, drop a TImageList component on the form and set the following properties:
Property
Value
ColorDepthcd32BitDrawingStyledsTransparentWidth32Height32TImageList is our image repository and will be used to draw an image by index. Load 7 PNG images (size 32 x 32) into TImageList. You can find some nice PNG icons in the respective recipe project folder (
ICONS\PNG\32).Create an
OnDrawItemevent handler forTListBoxand write the following code:procedure TCustomListControlsForm.ListBox1DrawItem( Control: TWinControl; Index: Integer; Rect: TRect; State: TOwnerDrawState); var LBox: TListBox; R: TRect; S: string; TextTopPos, TextLeftPos, TextHeight: Integer; const IMAGE_TEXT_SPACE = 5; begin LBox := Control as TListBox; R := Rect; LBox.Canvas.FillRect(R); ImageList1.Draw(LBox.Canvas, R.Left, R.Top, Index); S := LBox.Items[Index]; TextHeight := LBox.Canvas.TextHeight(S); TextLeftPos := R.Left + ImageList1.Width + IMAGE_TEXT_SPACE; TextTopPos := R.Top + R.Height div 2 - TextHeight div 2; LBox.Canvas.TextOut(TextLeftPos, TextTopPos, S); end;
Run the application by hitting F9 (or by going to Run | Run) and you will see the following screenshot:
Figure 4.1: Our listbox with some custom icons read from TImageList
The TListBox.OnDrawItem event handler allows us to customize the drawing of the listbox. In this recipe, we've used TImageList as the image repository for the listbox. Using the Index parameter, we've read the correspondent image in TImageList and drawn on the listbox Canvas. After this, all the other code is related to the alignment of image and text inside the listbox row.
Remember that this event handler will be called for each item in the list, so the code must be fast and should not do too much slow Canvas writing. Otherwise, all your GUI will be unresponsive. If you want to create complex graphics "on the fly" in the event, I strongly suggest that you prepare your images the first time you draw the item and then put them in a sort of cache memory (TObjectList<TBitmap> is enough).
While you are in OnDrawItem, you can do whatever you want with the TListBox Canvas. Moreover, the State parameter (of type TOwnerDrawState) tells you in which states the listbox item is (for example, Selected, Focused, HotTrack, and so on). So, you can use a different kind of drawing, depending on the item state. Check out the Customizing TDBGrid recipe to find out about the TDBGrid owner drawing for an example about the State parameter.
If you want to make your code aware of the selected VCL style, changing the color used according to it, you can use StyleServices.GetStyleColor(), StyleServices.GetStyleFontColor(), and StyleServices.GetSystemColor() in the Vcl.Themes unit.
The icons used in this recipe are from the Icojam website (http://www.icojam.com). The specific set used is available at http://www.icojam.com/blog/?p=259.