The following set of fundamental testing phases is based on their definition by ISTQB. Other organizations might name them differently or include different activities in them.
Test planning and control: Test objectives and activities are set during test planning and a test plan is created. It can include:
As for test control, it should be exercised during all the phases to monitor progress and amend the test plan as needed.
Test analysis and design: During this phase, the system specifications are analyzed and test cases, along with their data, are designed. They are also prioritized and the testing environment is identified.
Test implementation and execution: When implementing your tests and before executing them, you should set up your environment, generate the detailed test cases, run them, and then log and report the results of your findings.
Evaluating the exit criteria and reporting: Evaluating exit criteria is important in order to know when to stop testing. Occasionally, we find that more tests are needed if the risk in one or more application areas hasn't been fully covered. In case it is decided to stop that test implementation and execution, reports are generated and submitted to the implicated persons.
Test closure activities: The test closure activities are designed to facilitate reusing of the test data across different versions and products, as well as to promote evaluating and enhancing the testing process. These activities include saving all the test data and testware in a secure repository, evaluating the testing process, and logging suggested amendments.