Suppose I have a shop selling shoes and want to keep track of my competitor's prices. I could go to my competitor's website each day to compare each shoe's price with my own, however this would take a lot of time and would not scale if I sold thousands of shoes or needed to check price changes more frequently. Or maybe I just want to buy a shoe when it is on sale. I could come back and check the shoe website each day until I get lucky, but the shoe I want might not be on sale for months. Both of these repetitive manual processes could instead be replaced with an automated solution using the web scraping techniques covered in this book.

In an ideal world, web scraping would not be necessary and each website would provide an API to share their data in a structured format. Indeed, some websites do provide APIs, but they are typically restricted by what data is available and how frequently it can be accessed. Additionally, the main priority for a website developer will always be to maintain the frontend interface over the backend API. In short, we cannot rely on APIs to access the online data we may want and therefore, need to learn about web scraping techniques.