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Mastering Data analysis with R

By : Gergely Daróczi
Book Image

Mastering Data analysis with R

By: Gergely Daróczi

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Mastering Data analysis with R
Gergely Daróczi
Sep, 2015 | 396 pages
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Table of Contents (19 chapters)
Mastering Data Analysis with R
Mastering Data Analysis with R
Credits
Credits
www.PacktPub.com
www.PacktPub.com
Preface
Preface
Free Chapter
1
Hello, Data!
Hello, Data!
Loading text files of a reasonable size
Benchmarking text file parsers
Loading a subset of text files
Loading data from databases
Importing data from other statistical systems
Loading Excel spreadsheets
Summary
2
Getting Data from the Web
Getting Data from the Web
Loading datasets from the Internet
Other popular online data formats
Reading data from HTML tables
Scraping data from other online sources
R packages to interact with data source APIs
Summary
3
Filtering and Summarizing Data
Filtering and Summarizing Data
Drop needless data
Aggregation
Running benchmarks
Summary functions
Summary
4
Restructuring Data
Restructuring Data
Transposing matrices
Filtering data by string matching
Rearranging data
dplyr versus data.table
Computing new variables
Merging datasets
Reshaping data in a flexible way
The evolution of the reshape packages
Summary
5
Building Models (authored by Renata Nemeth and Gergely Toth)
Building Models (authored by Renata Nemeth and Gergely Toth)
The motivation behind multivariate models
Linear regression with continuous predictors
Model assumptions
How well does the line fit in the data?
Discrete predictors
Summary
6
Beyond the Linear Trend Line (authored by Renata Nemeth and Gergely Toth)
Beyond the Linear Trend Line (authored by Renata Nemeth and Gergely Toth)
The modeling workflow
Logistic regression
Models for count data
Summary
7
Unstructured Data
Unstructured Data
Importing the corpus
Cleaning the corpus
Visualizing the most frequent words in the corpus
Further cleanup
Analyzing the associations among terms
Some other metrics
The segmentation of documents
Summary
8
Polishing Data
Polishing Data
The types and origins of missing data
Identifying missing data
By-passing missing values
Getting rid of missing data
Filtering missing data before or during the actual analysis
Data imputation
Extreme values and outliers
Using robust methods
Summary
9
From Big to Small Data
From Big to Small Data
Adequacy tests
Principal Component Analysis
Factor analysis
Principal Component Analysis versus Factor Analysis
Multidimensional Scaling
Summary
10
Classification and Clustering
Classification and Clustering
Cluster analysis
Latent class models
Discriminant analysis
Logistic regression
Machine learning algorithms
Summary
11
Social Network Analysis of the R Ecosystem
Social Network Analysis of the R Ecosystem
Loading network data
Centrality measures of networks
Visualizing network data
Further network analysis resources
Summary
12
Analyzing Time-series
Analyzing Time-series
Creating time-series objects
Visualizing time-series
Seasonal decomposition
Holt-Winters filtering
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models
Outlier detection
More complex time-series objects
Advanced time-series analysis
Summary
13
Data Around Us
Data Around Us
Geocoding
Visualizing point data in space
Finding polygon overlays of point data
Plotting thematic maps
Rendering polygons around points
Satellite maps
Interactive maps
Alternative map designs
Spatial statistics
Summary
14
Analyzing the R Community
Analyzing the R Community
R Foundation members
R package maintainers
The R-help mailing list
Analyzing overlaps between our lists of R users
The number of R users in social media
R-related posts in social media
Summary
References
References
General good readings on R
Chapter 1 – Hello, Data!
Chapter 2 – Getting Data from the Web
Chapter 3 – Filtering and Summarizing Data
Chapter 4 – Restructuring Data
Chapter 5 – Building Models (authored by Renata Nemeth and Gergely Toth)
Chapter 6 – Beyond the Linear Trend Line (authored by Renata Nemeth and Gergely Toth)
Chapter 7 – Unstructured Data
Chapter 8 – Polishing Data
Chapter 9 – From Big to Smaller Data
Chapter 10 – Classification and Clustering
Chapter 11 – Social Network Analysis of the R Ecosystem
Chapter 12 – Analyzing Time-series
Chapter 13 – Data Around Us
Chapter 14 – Analysing the R Community

Cluster analysis

Clustering is an unsupervised data analysis method that is used in diverse fields, such as pattern recognition, social sciences, and pharmacy. The aim of cluster analysis is to make homogeneous subgroups called clusters, where the objects in the same cluster are similar, and the clusters differ from each other.

Hierarchical clustering

Cluster analysis is one of the most well known and popular pattern recognition methods; thus, there are many clustering models and algorithms analyzing the distribution, density, possible center points, and so on in the dataset. In this section we are going to examine some hierarchical clustering methods.

Hierarchical clustering can be either agglomerative or divisive. In agglomerative methods every case starts out as an individual cluster, then the closest clusters are merged together in an iterative manner, until finally they merge into one single cluster, which includes all elements of the original dataset. The biggest problem with this...

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