The Data Manipulation Language provided by Hive is equivalent in features to any state-of-the-art SQL system. They provide standard operations such as the JOIN, GROUP BY, and UNION operations. The semantics might vary marginally depending on the operation. Different kinds of optimization hints are also present.
The GROUP BY operation is the same as in standard SQL, except for a few advanced features:
Multi-Group-By Inserts: It is possible to have multiple
GROUP BYclauses within a single query. The output can be written to multiple tables or HDFS files. For example, the following query is possible:FROM src_table INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE id_count SELECT id, COUNT(id) GROUP BY id INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE id_sum SELECT id, SUM(id_value) GROUP BY id;
Map-side aggregation for GROUP BY: By setting the
hive.map.aggrproperty totrue, it is possible to enforce one level of aggregation on the Map tasks. This will yield a better-performing query.