For this recipe, we don't need to load any additional libraries. We just need to type the recipe in the R prompt or run it as a script.

Let's see how the distribution of mpg in the mtcars dataset compares with a normal distribution using the qnorm() function:

qqnorm(mtcars$mpg)
qqline(mtcars$mpg)

In this, we used the qqnorm() function to create a normal Q-Q plot of mpg values. We added a straight line with the qqline() function. The closer the dots are to this line, the closer the distribution to a normal Q-Q plot.

Another way of creating a Q-Q plot is by calling the plot() function on a model fit. For example, let's plot the following linear model fit:

lmfit<-lm(mtcars$mpg~mtcars$disp)
par(mfrow=c(2,2))
plot(lmfit)

The second plot is a Q-Q plot that compares the model fit to a normal...