LU decomposition (where LU stands for lower upper, also called LU factorization) factors a matrix as the product of a lower triangular matrix and an upper triangular matrix, such that the product of these two matrices provides the original matrix.
This method of factorizing a matrix as a product of two triangular matrices having various applications such as finding the solution of a system of equations, which itself is an integral part of many applications, finding the current in a circuit and solution of discrete dynamical system problems, finding the inverse of a matrix, and finding the determinant of the matrix.
Basically, the LU decomposition method comes in handy whenever it is possible to model the problem to be solved in the matrix form. Conversion to the matrix form and solving with triangular matrices makes it easy to...