There are three ways to install a Kafka environment:

• Downloading the executable files
• Using brew (in macOS) or yum (in Linux)
• Installing Confluent Platform

For all three ways, the first step is to install Java; we need Java 8. Download and install the latest JDK 8 from the Oracle's website:

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html

At the time of writing, the latest Java 8 JDK version is 8u191.

For Linux users :

1. Change the file mode to executable as follows, follows these steps:

      > chmod +x jdk-8u191-linux-x64.rpm

2. Go to the directory in which you want to install Java:

      > cd <directory path>

3. Run the rpm installer with the following command:

      > rpm -ivh jdk-8u191-linux-x64.rpm

4. Add to your environment the JAVA_HOME variable. The following command writes the JAVA_HOME environment variable to the /etc/profile file:

      > echo "export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_191" >> /etc/profile

5. Validate the Java installation as follows:

      > java -version
      java version "1.8.0_191"
      Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_191-b12)
      Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.191-b12, mixed mode)

At the time of writing, the latest Scala version is 2.12.6. To install Scala in Linux, perform the following steps:

1. Download the latest Scala binary from http://www.scala-lang.org/download
2. Extract the downloaded file, scala-2.12.6.tgz, as follows:

      > tar xzf scala-2.12.6.tgz

3. Add the SCALA_HOME variable to your environment as follows:

      > export SCALA_HOME=/opt/scala

4. Add the Scala bin directory to your PATH environment variable as follows:

      > export PATH=$PATH:$SCALA_HOME/bin

5. To validate the Scala installation, do the following:

      >  scala -version
      Scala code runner version 2.12.6 -- Copyright 2002-2018,
      LAMP/EPFL and Lightbend, Inc.

To install Kafka on your machine, ensure that you have at least 4 GB of RAM, and the installation directory will be /usr/local/kafka/ for macOS users and /opt/kafka/ for Linux users. Create these directories according to your operating system.

Open the Apache Kafka download page, http://kafka.apache.org/downloads, as in Figure 1.1:

At the time of writing, the current Apache Kafka version is 2.0.0 as a stable release. Remember that, since version 0.8.x, Kafka is not backward-compatible. So, we cannot replace this version for one prior to 0.8. Once you've downloaded the latest available release, let's proceed with the installation.

Follow these steps to install Kafka in Linux:

1. Extract the downloaded file, kafka_2.11-2.0.0.tgz, in the /opt/ directory as follows:

      > tar xzf kafka_2.11-2.0.0.tgz

2. Create the KAFKA_HOME environment variable as follows:

      > export KAFKA_HOME=/opt/kafka_2.11-2.0.0

3. Add the Kafka bin directory to the PATH variable as follows:

      > export PATH=$PATH:$KAFKA_HOME/bin

Now Java, Scala, and Kafka are installed.

To do all of the previous steps from the command line, there is a powerful tool for macOS users called brew (the equivalent in Linux would be yum).

To install from the command line in macOS (brew must be installed), perform the following steps:

1. To install sbt (the Scala build tool) with brew, execute the following:

      > brew install sbt

If already have it in your environment (downloaded previously), run the following to upgrade it:

      > brew upgrade sbt

The output is similar to that shown in Figure 1.2:

2. To install Scala with brew, execute the following:

      > brew install scala

If you already have it in your environment (downloaded previously), to upgrade it, run the following command:

      > brew upgrade scala

The output is similar to that shown in Figure 1.3:

3. To install Kafka with brew, (it also installs Zookeeper), do the following:

      > brew install kafka

If you already have it (downloaded in the past), upgrade it as follows:

      > brew upgrade kafka

The output is similar to that shown in Figure 1.4:

Visit https://brew.sh/ for more about brew.

The third way to install Kafka is through Confluent Platform. In the rest of this book, we will be using Confluent Platform open source version.

Confluent Platform is an integrated platform that includes the following components:

• Apache Kafka
• REST proxy
• Kafka Connect API
• Schema Registry
• Kafka Streams API
• Pre-built connectors
• Non-Java clients
• KSQL

If the reader notices, almost every one of the components has its own chapter in this book.

The commercially licensed Confluent Platform includes, in addition to all of the components of the open source version, the following:

• Confluent Control Center (CCC)
• Kafka operator (for Kubernetes)
• JMS client
• Replicator
• MQTT proxy
• Auto data balancer
• Security features

It is important to mention that the training on the components of the non-open source version is beyond the scope of this book.

Confluent Platform is available also in Docker images, but here we are going to install it in local.

Open Confluent Platform download page: https://www.confluent.io/download/ .

At the time of this writing, the current version of Confluent Platform is 5.0.0 as a stable release. Remember that, since the Kafka core runs on Scala, there are two versions: for Scala 2.11 and Scala 2.12.

We could run Confluent Platform from our desktop directory, but following this book's conventions, let's use /opt/ for Linux users and /usr/local for macOS users.

To install Confluent Platform, extract the downloaded file, confluent-5.0.0-2.11.tar.gz, in the directory, as follows:

> tar xzf confluent-5.0.0-2.11.tar.gz