Book Image

Apache Spark 2: Data Processing and Real-Time Analytics

By : Romeo Kienzler, Md. Rezaul Karim, Sridhar Alla, Siamak Amirghodsi, Meenakshi Rajendran, Broderick Hall, Shuen Mei
Book Image

Apache Spark 2: Data Processing and Real-Time Analytics

By: Romeo Kienzler, Md. Rezaul Karim, Sridhar Alla, Siamak Amirghodsi, Meenakshi Rajendran, Broderick Hall, Shuen Mei

Overview of this book

Apache Spark is an in-memory, cluster-based data processing system that provides a wide range of functionalities such as big data processing, analytics, machine learning, and more. With this Learning Path, you can take your knowledge of Apache Spark to the next level by learning how to expand Spark's functionality and building your own data flow and machine learning programs on this platform. You will work with the different modules in Apache Spark, such as interactive querying with Spark SQL, using DataFrames and datasets, implementing streaming analytics with Spark Streaming, and applying machine learning and deep learning techniques on Spark using MLlib and various external tools. By the end of this elaborately designed Learning Path, you will have all the knowledge you need to master Apache Spark, and build your own big data processing and analytics pipeline quickly and without any hassle. This Learning Path includes content from the following Packt products: • Mastering Apache Spark 2.x by Romeo Kienzler • Scala and Spark for Big Data Analytics by Md. Rezaul Karim, Sridhar Alla • Apache Spark 2.x Machine Learning Cookbook by Siamak Amirghodsi, Meenakshi Rajendran, Broderick Hall, Shuen MeiCookbook
Table of Contents (23 chapters)
Title Page
Copyright
About Packt
Contributors
Preface
Index

A cost-based optimizer for machine learning algorithms


Let's start with an example to exemplify how Apache SystemML works internally. Consider a recommender system.

An example - alternating least squares

A recommender system tries to predict the potential items that a user might be interested in, based on a history from other users.

So let's consider a so-called item-user or product-customer matrix, as illustrated here:

This is a so-called sparse matrix because only a couple of cells are populated with non-zero values indicating a match between a customer i and a product j. Either by just putting a one in the cell or any other numerical value, for example, indicating the number of products bought or a rating for that particular product j from customer i. Let's call this matrix rui, where u stands for user and i for item.

Those of you familiar with linear algebra might know that any matrix can be factorized by two smaller matrices. This means that you have to find two matrices pu and qi that,...