You already have a couple of libraries that are useful for analyzing geospatial data: the OGR library includes methods for comparing and manipulating geometries, and Shapely is a wonderful library for working with and analyzing geometry data. There are, however, two other libraries that you will want to become familiar with: PyProj, which is a powerful library for calculating distances and locations on the Earth's surface, and NetworkX, which can build abstract mathematical models out of geospatial data and then analyze those models to solve various problems.

Let's take a closer look at these two libraries and install them both onto your computer.