Book Image

Python Data Science Essentials - Second Edition

By : Luca Massaron, Alberto Boschetti
Book Image

Python Data Science Essentials - Second Edition

By: Luca Massaron, Alberto Boschetti

Overview of this book

Fully expanded and upgraded, the second edition of Python Data Science Essentials takes you through all you need to know to suceed in data science using Python. Get modern insight into the core of Python data, including the latest versions of Jupyter notebooks, NumPy, pandas and scikit-learn. Look beyond the fundamentals with beautiful data visualizations with Seaborn and ggplot, web development with Bottle, and even the new frontiers of deep learning with Theano and TensorFlow. Dive into building your essential Python 3.5 data science toolbox, using a single-source approach that will allow to to work with Python 2.7 as well. Get to grips fast with data munging and preprocessing, and all the techniques you need to load, analyse, and process your data. Finally, get a complete overview of principal machine learning algorithms, graph analysis techniques, and all the visualization and deployment instruments that make it easier to present your results to an audience of both data science experts and business users.
Table of Contents (13 chapters)
Python Data Science Essentials - Second Edition
Credits
About the Authors
About the Reviewer
www.PacktPub.com
Preface

Cross-validation


If you have run the previous experiment, you may have realized that:

  • Both the validation and test results vary, as their samples are different

  • The chosen hypothesis is often the best one, but this is not always the case

Unfortunately, relying on the validation and testing phases of samples brings uncertainty along with a reduction of the learning examples dedicated to training (the fewer the examples, the more the variance of the estimates from the model).

A solution would be to use cross-validation, and Scikit-learn offers a complete module for cross-validation and performance evaluation (sklearn.cross_validation).

By resorting to cross-validation, you'll just need to separate your data into a training and test set, and you will be able to use the training data for both model optimization and model training.

How does cross-validation work? The idea is to divide your training data into a certain number of partitions (called folds) and train your model as many times as the number...