Book Image

Mastering Apache Spark 2.x - Second Edition

Book Image

Mastering Apache Spark 2.x - Second Edition

Overview of this book

Apache Spark is an in-memory, cluster-based Big Data processing system that provides a wide range of functionalities such as graph processing, machine learning, stream processing, and more. This book will take your knowledge of Apache Spark to the next level by teaching you how to expand Spark’s functionality and build your data flows and machine/deep learning programs on top of the platform. The book starts with a quick overview of the Apache Spark ecosystem, and introduces you to the new features and capabilities in Apache Spark 2.x. You will then work with the different modules in Apache Spark such as interactive querying with Spark SQL, using DataFrames and DataSets effectively, streaming analytics with Spark Streaming, and performing machine learning and deep learning on Spark using MLlib and external tools such as H20 and Deeplearning4j. The book also contains chapters on efficient graph processing, memory management and using Apache Spark on the cloud. By the end of this book, you will have all the necessary information to master Apache Spark, and use it efficiently for Big Data processing and analytics.
Table of Contents (21 chapters)
Title Page
Credits
About the Author
About the Reviewer
www.PacktPub.com
Customer Feedback
Preface
10
Deep Learning on Apache Spark with DeepLearning4j and H2O

Bare metal, virtual machines, and containers


It turns out that until the late 1990s, most of IT applications were deployed to bare metal machines. This means that you used some sort of server hardware and installed an operating system on it, and on top of that, your applications were installed.

But virtual machines are quite old. In fact, by the early 1960s, IBM was capable of running virtual machines on their mainframes, but it took decades until virtual machines experienced huge market adoption. Most likely, the reason for this was that consumer grade hardware was not powerful enough to run virtual systems efficiently. However, as we all know, this has changed dramatically.

Nowadays, a modern server can run hundreds of virtual machines and thousands of containers, but let's have a look at one after the other. So how do virtual machines work? In the following section, we'll first contrast a bare metal deployment with a virtual machine one.

The following figure illustrates such a bare metal...