Book Image

Python Deep Learning

By : Valentino Zocca, Gianmario Spacagna, Daniel Slater, Peter Roelants
Book Image

Python Deep Learning

By: Valentino Zocca, Gianmario Spacagna, Daniel Slater, Peter Roelants

Overview of this book

With an increasing interest in AI around the world, deep learning has attracted a great deal of public attention. Every day, deep learning algorithms are used broadly across different industries. The book will give you all the practical information available on the subject, including the best practices, using real-world use cases. You will learn to recognize and extract information to increase predictive accuracy and optimize results. Starting with a quick recap of important machine learning concepts, the book will delve straight into deep learning principles using Sci-kit learn. Moving ahead, you will learn to use the latest open source libraries such as Theano, Keras, Google's TensorFlow, and H20. Use this guide to uncover the difficulties of pattern recognition, scaling data with greater accuracy and discussing deep learning algorithms and techniques. Whether you want to dive deeper into Deep Learning, or want to investigate how to get more out of this powerful technology, you’ll find everything inside.

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Python Deep Learning
Valentino Zocca | Gianmario Spacagna | Daniel Slater | Peter Roelants
Apr, 2017 | 406 pages
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Table of Contents (18 chapters)
Python Deep Learning
Python Deep Learning
Credits
Credits
About the Authors
About the Authors
About the Reviewer
About the Reviewer
www.PacktPub.com
www.PacktPub.com
Customer Feedback
Customer Feedback
Preface
Preface
Free Chapter
1
Machine Learning – An Introduction
Machine Learning – An Introduction
What is machine learning?
Different machine learning approaches
Summary
2
Neural Networks
Neural Networks
Why neural networks?
Fundamentals
Summary
3
Deep Learning Fundamentals
Deep Learning Fundamentals
What is deep learning?
Deep learning applications
GPU versus CPU
Popular open source libraries – an introduction
Summary
4
Unsupervised Feature Learning
Unsupervised Feature Learning
Autoencoders
Restricted Boltzmann machines
Summary
5
Image Recognition
Image Recognition
Similarities between artificial and biological models
Intuition and justification
Convolutional layers
Pooling layers
Dropout
Convolutional layers in deep learning
Convolutional layers in Theano
A convolutional layer example with Keras to recognize digits
A convolutional layer example with Keras for cifar10
Pre-training
Summary
6
Recurrent Neural Networks and Language Models
Recurrent Neural Networks and Language Models
Recurrent neural networks
Language modeling
Speech recognition
Summary
Bibliography
7
Deep Learning for Board Games
Deep Learning for Board Games
Early game playing AI
Using the min-max algorithm to value game states
Implementing a Python Tic-Tac-Toe game
Learning a value function
Training AI to master Go
Upper confidence bounds applied to trees
Deep learning in Monte Carlo Tree Search
Quick recap on reinforcement learning
Policy gradients for learning policy functions
Policy gradients in AlphaGo
Summary
8
Deep Learning for Computer Games
Deep Learning for Computer Games
A supervised learning approach to games
Applying genetic algorithms to playing games
Q-Learning
Q-learning in action
Dynamic games
Atari Breakout
Actor-critic methods
Asynchronous methods
Model-based approaches
Summary
9
Anomaly Detection
Anomaly Detection
What is anomaly and outlier detection?
Real-world applications of anomaly detection
Popular shallow machine learning techniques
Anomaly detection using deep auto-encoders
H2O
Examples
Summary
10
Building a Production-Ready Intrusion Detection System
Building a Production-Ready Intrusion Detection System
What is a data product?
Training
Testing
Model validation
Hyper-parameters tuning
End-to-end evaluation
Deployment
Summary
Index
Index

A convolutional layer example with Keras to recognize digits

In the third chapter, we introduced a simple neural network to classify digits using Keras and we got 94%. In this chapter, we will work to improve that value above 99% using convolutional networks. Actual values may vary slightly due to variability in initialization.

First of all, we can start by improving the neural network we had defined by using 400 hidden neurons and run it for 30 epochs; that should get us already up to around 96.5% accuracy:

    hidden_neurons = 400
    epochs = 30

Next we could try scaling the input. Images are comprised of pixels, and each pixel has an integer value between 0 and 255. We could make that value a float and scale it between 0 and 1 by adding these four lines of code right after we define our input:

X_train = X_train.astype('float32')     
X_test = X_test.astype('float32')     
X_train /= 255     
X_test /= 255

If we run our network now, we get a poorer accuracy, just above 92%, but we need not...

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