Book Image

Scala for Machine Learning, Second Edition - Second Edition

Book Image

Scala for Machine Learning, Second Edition - Second Edition

Overview of this book

The discovery of information through data clustering and classification is becoming a key differentiator for competitive organizations. Machine learning applications are everywhere, from self-driving cars, engineering design, logistics, manufacturing, and trading strategies, to detection of genetic anomalies. The book is your one stop guide that introduces you to the functional capabilities of the Scala programming language that are critical to the creation of machine learning algorithms such as dependency injection and implicits. You start by learning data preprocessing and filtering techniques. Following this, you'll move on to unsupervised learning techniques such as clustering and dimension reduction, followed by probabilistic graphical models such as Naïve Bayes, hidden Markov models and Monte Carlo inference. Further, it covers the discriminative algorithms such as linear, logistic regression with regularization, kernelization, support vector machines, neural networks, and deep learning. You’ll move on to evolutionary computing, multibandit algorithms, and reinforcement learning. Finally, the book includes a comprehensive overview of parallel computing in Scala and Akka followed by a description of Apache Spark and its ML library. With updated codes based on the latest version of Scala and comprehensive examples, this book will ensure that you have more than just a solid fundamental knowledge in machine learning with Scala.
Table of Contents (27 chapters)
Scala for Machine Learning Second Edition
Credits
About the Author
About the Reviewers
www.PacktPub.com
Customer Feedback
Preface
Index

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs)


The RBM is a probabilistic, undirected, graphical model with an input layer of observable variables or features and a layer of latent, representative neurons. It is also interpreted as a stochastic neural network. RBMs can be stacked to compose a deep belief network (DBM) [11:3].

The simplest form of RBM architecture consists of one layer of input variables and a layer of latent variables.

Boltzmann machine

The Boltzmann machine is a symmetric network of binary vectors of stochastic processing nodes. It is an undirected structure, used to discover interesting features in datasets composed of binary vectors and the probability distribution of the input data. It is commonly associated with Markov random fields [11:4].

Note

For a neuron i, weights wij of connections from units j, and a bias unit bi, an energy E(xi) and input xi, probability for unit i:

Note

Boltzmann probability

E(x=0) being the energy for negative outcome and E(x=1) being the energy for the...