Bond is also called fixed income security. There are different types of categories. Based on maturity, bonds could be classified into short-term, median-term, and long-term. For US Treasury securities, T-bills are the securities issued by the Department of Treasury with a maturity less than 1 year, T-notes are for government bonds beyond 1 year but less than 10 years. T-bonds are treasury securities with a maturity beyond 10 years. Based on coupon payments, there are zero-coupon bonds and coupon bonds. When it is a central government's bond, we call them risk-free bonds since the central government usually has a right to print money, that is by default, free.
If a bond holder could convert his/her bond into the underlying common stock with a predetermined number of shares before maturity, it is called a convertible bond. If a bond issuer could retire or buy back a bond before its maturity, it is named a callable bond. On the other hands, if the bond buyers could sell the bond...