Book Image

Natural Language Processing: Python and NLTK

By : Jacob Perkins, Nitin Hardeniya, Deepti Chopra, Iti Mathur, Nisheeth Joshi
Book Image

Natural Language Processing: Python and NLTK

By: Jacob Perkins, Nitin Hardeniya, Deepti Chopra, Iti Mathur, Nisheeth Joshi

Overview of this book

Natural Language Processing is a field of computational linguistics and artificial intelligence that deals with human-computer interaction. It provides a seamless interaction between computers and human beings and gives computers the ability to understand human speech with the help of machine learning. The number of human-computer interaction instances are increasing so it’s becoming imperative that computers comprehend all major natural languages. The first NLTK Essentials module is an introduction on how to build systems around NLP, with a focus on how to create a customized tokenizer and parser from scratch. You will learn essential concepts of NLP, be given practical insight into open source tool and libraries available in Python, shown how to analyze social media sites, and be given tools to deal with large scale text. This module also provides a workaround using some of the amazing capabilities of Python libraries such as NLTK, scikit-learn, pandas, and NumPy. The second Python 3 Text Processing with NLTK 3 Cookbook module teaches you the essential techniques of text and language processing with simple, straightforward examples. This includes organizing text corpora, creating your own custom corpus, text classification with a focus on sentiment analysis, and distributed text processing methods. The third Mastering Natural Language Processing with Python module will help you become an expert and assist you in creating your own NLP projects using NLTK. You will be guided through model development with machine learning tools, shown how to create training data, and given insight into the best practices for designing and building NLP-based applications using Python. This Learning Path combines some of the best that Packt has to offer in one complete, curated package and is designed to help you quickly learn text processing with Python and NLTK. It includes content from the following Packt products: ? NTLK essentials by Nitin Hardeniya ? Python 3 Text Processing with NLTK 3 Cookbook by Jacob Perkins ? Mastering Natural Language Processing with Python by Deepti Chopra, Nisheeth Joshi, and Iti Mathur

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Natural Language Processing: Python and NLTK
Jacob Perkins | Nitin Hardeniya | Deepti Chopra | Iti Mathur | Nisheeth Joshi
Nov, 2016 | 11 hours 42 minutes
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Table of Contents (6 chapters)
Preface
Preface
What this learning path covers
What you need for this learning path
Who this learning path is for
Reader feedback
Customer support
Free Chapter
1
1. Module 1
1. Module 1
1. Introduction to Natural Language Processing
2. Text Wrangling and Cleansing
3. Part of Speech Tagging
4. Parsing Structure in Text
5. NLP Applications
6. Text Classification
7. Web Crawling
8. Using NLTK with Other Python Libraries
9. Social Media Mining in Python
10. Text Mining at Scale
2
2. Module 2
2. Module 2
1. Tokenizing Text and WordNet Basics
2. Replacing and Correcting Words
3. Creating Custom Corpora
4. Part-of-speech Tagging
5. Extracting Chunks
6. Transforming Chunks and Trees
7. Text Classification
8. Distributed Processing and Handling Large Datasets
9. Parsing Specific Data Types
A. Penn Treebank Part-of-speech Tags
3
3. Module 3
3. Module 3
1. Working with Strings
2. Statistical Language Modeling
3. Morphology – Getting Our Feet Wet
4. Parts-of-Speech Tagging – Identifying Words
5. Parsing – Analyzing Training Data
6. Semantic Analysis – Meaning Matters
7. Sentiment Analysis – I Am Happy
8. Information Retrieval – Accessing Information
9. Discourse Analysis – Knowing Is Believing
10. Evaluation of NLP Systems – Analyzing Performance
4
B. Bibliography
B. Bibliography
5
Index
Index

Chapter 6. Transforming Chunks and Trees

In this chapter, we will cover the following recipes:

  • Filtering insignificant words from a sentence
  • Correcting verb forms
  • Swapping verb phrases
  • Swapping noun cardinals
  • Swapping infinitive phrases
  • Singularizing plural nouns
  • Chaining chunk transformations
  • Converting a chunk tree to text
  • Flattening a deep tree
  • Creating a shallow tree
  • Converting tree labels

Introduction

Now that you know how to get chunks/phrases from a sentence, what do you do with them? This chapter will show you how to do various transforms on both chunks and trees. The chunk transforms are for grammatical correction and rearranging phrases without loss of meaning. The tree transforms give you ways to modify and flatten deep parse trees. The functions detailed in these recipes modify data, as opposed to learning from it. This means it's not safe to apply them indiscriminately. A thorough knowledge of the data you want to transform, along with a few experiments, should help you decide...

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