For more information, refer to the following articles:
Charts of PowerShell commands to in total one or two pages of content: http://technet.microsoft.com/library/ff678226(office.15).aspx.
How To: SQL Server Databases Backup with PowerShell: http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/900.how-to-sql-server-databases-backup-with-powershell.aspx.
From STSAdmin to PowerShell: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff621084(v=office.15).
Database types and descriptions (SharePoint 2013): http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc678868.aspx.
Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V Cookbook: http://www.packtpub.com/windows-server-2012-hypervisor-based-cookbook/book.
PowerShell 3.0 Advanced Administration: http://www.packtpub.com/powershell-3-0-advanced-administration-handbook/book.