Book Image

Mastering Windows Server 2016

By : Jordan Krause
Book Image

Mastering Windows Server 2016

By: Jordan Krause

Overview of this book

Windows Server 2016 is the server operating system developed by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems, developed concurrently with Windows 10. With Windows Server 2016, Microsoft has gotten us thinking outside of the box for what it means to be a system administration, and comes with some interesting new capabilities. These are exciting times to be or to become a server administrator! This book covers all aspects of administration level tasks and activities required to gain expertise in Microsoft Windows Server 2016. You will begin by getting familiar and comfortable navigating around in the interface. Next, you will learn to install and manage Windows Server 2016 and discover some tips for adapting to the new server management ideology that is all about centralized monitoring and configuration. You will deep dive into core Microsoft infrastructure technologies that the majority of companies are going to run on Server 2016. Core technologies such as Active Directory, DNS, DHCP, Certificate Services, File Services, and more. We will talk about networking in this new operating system, giving you a networking toolset that is useful for everyday troubleshooting and maintenance. Also discussed is the idea of Software Defined Networking. You will later walk through different aspects of certificate administration in Windows Server 2016. Three important and crucial areas to cover in the Remote Access role -- DirectAccess, VPN, and the Web Application Proxy -- are also covered. You will then move into security functions and benefits that are available in Windows Server 2016. Also covered is the brand new and all-important Nano Server! We will incorporate PowerShell as a central platform for performing many of the functions that are discussed in this book, including a chapter dedicated to the new PowerShell 5.0. Additionally, you will learn about the new built-in integration for Docker with this latest release of Windows Server 2016. The book ends with a discussion and information on virtualizing your datacenter with Hyper-V. By the end of this book, you will have all the ammunition required to start planning for and implementing Windows Server 2016.
Table of Contents (19 chapters)
Mastering Windows Server 2016
Credits
About the Author
About the Reviewer
www.PacktPub.com
Preface
Index

Preface

We are in the year 2016. In fact, we are almost towards the end of it! How amazing to look back and reflect on all of the big changes that have happened in technology over the past 15 years. In some ways, it seems that Y2K has just happened and everyone has been scrambling to make sure their DOS-based and green screen applications are prepared to handle four-digit date ranges. It seems unthinkable to us now that these systems could have been created in a way that was so short-sighted. Did we not think the world would make it to the year 2000? Today, we build technology with such a different perspective and focus. Everything is centralized, redundant, global, and cloud driven. Users expect 100% uptime, from wherever they are, on whatever device that happens to be sitting in front of them. The world has truly changed.

And as the world has changed, so has the world of technology infrastructure. This year, we are introduced to Microsoft's Windows Server 2016. Yes, we have officially rolled past the half-way marker of this decade and are quickly on our way to 2020, which has always sounded so futuristic. We are living in and beyond Doc and Marty's future, we are actually testing hoverboards, and even some of the wardrobe predictions given to us through cinema no longer seem so far-fetched.

From a user's perspective, a consumer of data, backend computing requirements are almost becoming irrelevant. Things such as maintenance windows, scheduled downtime, system upgrades, slowness due to a weak infrastructure – these items have to become invisible to the workforce. We are building our networks in ways that allow knowledgeworkers and developers to do their jobs without consideration for what is supporting their job functions. What do we use to support that level of reliability and resiliency? Our datacenters haven't disappeared. Just because we use the words "cloud" and "private cloud" so often doesn't make it magic. What makes all of this centralized, "spin up what you need" mentality happen is still physical servers running in physical datacenters.

What drives the processing power of these datacenters for most companies in the world? Windows Server. In fact, I recently attended a Microsoft conference that had many talks and sessions about Azure, Microsoft's cloud resource center. Azure is enormous, offering us all kinds of technologies and leading the edge as far as cloud computing and security technologies. I was surprised in these talks to hear Windows Server 2016 being referenced time and time again. Why were Azure presenters talking about Server 2016? Because Windows Server 2016—the same Server 2016 that you will be installing into your datacenters—is what underpins all of Azure. It is truly ready to service even the heaviest workloads, in the newest cloud-centric ways. Over the last handful of years, we have all become familiar with Software-Defined Computing, using virtualization technology to turn our server workloads into a software layer. Now we are hearing more and more about expanding on this idea with new technologies such as Software-Defined Networking and Software-Defined Storage, enhancing our ability to virtualize and share resources at a grand scale.

In order to make our workloads more flexible and cloud-ready, Microsoft has taken some major steps in shrinking the server platforms themselves and creating brand new ways of interfacing with those servers. We are talking about things like Server Core, Nano Server, Containers, Hyper-V Containers, and the Server Management Tools. Windows Server 2016 brings us many new capabilities, and along with those capabilities come many new acronyms and terminology.

Let's take some time together to explore the inner workings of the newest version of this server operating system, which will drive and support so many of our business infrastructures over the coming years. Windows Servers have dominated our datacenter's rackspaces for more than two decades, will this newest iteration in the form of Windows Server 2016 continue that trend?

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Getting Started with Windows Server 2016, gives us an introduction to the new operating system and an overhead view of the new technologies and capabilities that it can provide. We will also spend a little bit of time exploring the new interface for those who may not be comfortable with it yet.

Chapter 2, Installing and Managing Windows Server 2016, dives right into the very first thing we will have to do when working with Server 2016, install it! From there, we will start to expand upon Microsoft's centralized management mentality, exploring the ways that we can now manage and interact with our servers without ever having to log into them.

Chapter 3, Core Infrastructure Services, gives us a solid baseline on the technologies that make up the infrastructure of any Microsoft-centric network. We will discuss the "big three"—AD, DNS, and DHCP—and also address some Server Backup capabilities as well as a cheat-sheet list of MMC and MSC shortcuts to make your day job easier.

Chapter 4, Certificates in Windows Server 2016, jumps into one of the pieces of Windows Server that has existed for many years and yet the majority of server administrators that I meet are unfamiliar with. Let's take a closer look at certificates as they become more and more commonly required for the new technologies that we roll out. By the end of this chapter you should be able to spin up your own PKI and start issuing certificates for free!

Chapter 5, Networking with Windows Server 2016, begins with an introduction to that big scary IPv6, and continues from there into building a toolbox of items that are built into Windows Server 2016 and can be used in your daily networking tasks. We will also discuss Software-Defined Networking.

Chapter 6, Enabling Your Mobile Workforce, takes a look at the three remote access technologies that are built into Windows Server 2016. Follow along as we explore the capabilities provided by VPN, DirectAccess, and the Web Application Proxy.

Chapter 7, Hardening and Security, gives some insight into security and encryption functions that are built into Windows Server 2016. Security is the top focus of CIOs everywhere this year, let's explore what protection mechanisms are available to us out of the box.

Chapter 8, Tiny Servers, throws us into the shrinking world of headless servers. We will take a look at both Server Core, which has existed for years unbeknownst to many IT personnel, and also at Nano Server, which is brand new for Server 2016.

Chapter 9, Redundancy in Windows Server 2016, takes a look at two different platforms in Server 2016 that provide powerful data and computing redundancy. Follow along as we discuss Network Load Balancing as well as Failover Clustering.

Chapter 10, Learning PowerShell 5.0, gets us into the new, blue command-line interface so that we can become comfortable using it, and also learn why it is so much more powerful than command prompt. PowerShell is quickly becoming an indispensable tool for administering servers, especially if you are interested in Nano Server.

Chapter 11, Application Containers and Docker, brings the terms open source and Linux into a Microsoft book! Let's figure out together why Microsoft thinks this new containers thing is going to be such a big deal, and try out some of the new tools that we will have to learn in order to start using these containers to enhance our DevOps story.

Chapter 12, Virtualizing Your Datacenter with Hyper-V, covers a no-brainer topic to learn when working in a Microsoft network. Organizations have been moving their servers over to virtual machines in mass quantities over the past few years. Let's use this chapter to make sure you understand how that hypervisor works and gives you the resources needed to build and manage one if and when you have the need.

What you need for this book

Each technology that we discuss within the pages of this book is included in or relates directly to Windows Server 2016. If you can get your hands on a piece of server hardware and the Server 2016 installer files, you will be equipped to follow along and try these things out for yourself. We will talk about and reference some enterprise-class technologies that require stiffer infrastructure requirements, and so you may have to put the actual testing of those items on hold until you are working in a more comprehensive test lab or environment, but the concepts are all still included in this book.

We will also discuss some items that are not included in Server 2016 itself, but are used to extend the capabilities and features of it. Some of these items are provided to us by Azure, such as the Server Management Tools, and some are provided by third parties, such as in the case of using Docker to interact with your containers. Ultimately, you do not need to use these tools in order to manage your new Windows Server 2016 environment, but they do enable some pretty cool things that I think you will want to look into.

Who this book is for

Anyone interested in Windows Server 2016 or in learning more in general about a Microsoft-centric datacenter will benefit from this book. An important deciding factor when choosing which content was appropriate for such a volume was making sure that anyone who had a baseline in working with computers could pick this up and start making use of it within their own networks. If you are already proficient in the Microsoft infrastructure technologies and have worked with prior versions of Windows Server, there are some focused topics on the parts and pieces that are brand new only in Server 2016. On the other hand, if you are currently in a desktop support role or if you are coming fresh into the IT workforce, care was taken in the pages of this book to ensure that you will receive a rounded understanding not only of what is brand new in Server 2016, but what core capabilities it includes that are carry-over from the previous versions of the operating system, but are still critical knowledge to have when working in a Microsoft-driven datacenter.

Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "Now instead of using a simple dir, give this command a try: Dir | Format-List."

A block of code is set as follows:

Get-WmiObject –Class Win32_OperatingSystem –ComputerName localhost | Select-Object –Property @{n="Last Boot Time";
e={[Management.ManagementDateTimeConverter]::
ToDateTime($_.LastBootUpTime)}}

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

route add –p 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.254 if 12

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: "Next you simply press the Submit button."

Note

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tip

Tips and tricks appear like this.

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