Mastering Kubernetes is focused on the design and management of Kubernetes clusters. It covers in detail all the capabilities and services provided by Kubernetes for developers and DevOps engineers and developers who need to collaborate to build and evolve complex distributed systems using container orchestration. The book takes the reader through the steps of creating large-scale systems and deploying them on Kubernetes, considering various environments and use cases. Over the course of this journey, you will gain in-depth knowledge of how Kubernetes is organized, when it is appropriate to use certain resources, and how to implement and configure clusters in the most effective way. Via hands-on tasks and exercises, you will develop a deep understanding of Kubernetes architecture, how to install clusters, operate them, upgrade them, and how to deploy software using best practices.
Chapter 1, Understanding Kubernetes Architecture, briefly introduces the main objectives of this book and container orchestration in distributed systems. It takes the reader through the fundamental guiding principles used to build Kubernetes, and covers the design in detail.
Chapter 2, Creating Kubernetes Clusters, is a hands-on chapter in which the user will create several Kubernetes clusters using different tools that vary from quick test clusters to full-fledged industrial strength clusters.
Chapter 3, Monitoring, Logging, and Troubleshooting, explains approaches to event monitoring, logging events, and metric collection from Kubernetes clusters. This will let the reader identify and analyze patterns in cluster behavior.
Chapter 4, High Availability and Reliability, introduces best practices for highly available architectures. Kubernetes can be configured in a variety of ways for high availability and considers cost/performance tradeoffs, live upgrades, and performance bottlenecks.
Chapter 5, Configuring Kubernetes Security, Limits, and Accounts, gives the reader insight into how to secure Kubernetes for production via SSL API, add-ons, Docker authentication, and so on. It explores various security topics, digging deeper into admission control, interfaces to external authorization systems, and namespaces.
Chapter 6, Using Critical Kubernetes Resources, in this chapter, you will participate in the design of a complex microservice-based system. It will consist of a walkthrough deployment of Kubernetes resources, where each resource will be mapped to its counterpart in the application structure or configuration.
Chapter 7, Handling Kubernetes Storage, in this chapter, the reader will be given an explanation of persistent volumes in Kubernetes. The reader will be taken through different storage types in Kubernetes, mapped to specific use cases.
Chapter 8, Running Stateful Applications with Kubernetes, explains problems users will face when running legacy monolithic stateful applications and services such as databases, message queues, and so on. This chapter also introduces environmental shared variables and DNS records for clustering stateful applications.
Chapter 9, Rolling Updates, Scalability, and Quotas, explains advanced Kubernetes features such as horizontal pod auto scaling, cluster size, and rolling updates. It also covers Kubernetes scaling testing and tooling for stress testing.
Chapter 10, Advanced Kubernetes Networking, explains container network interfaces for third-party SDN plugins. It covers in detail CNI plugins, load balancing, and network security policies.
Chapter 11, Running Kubernetes on Multiple Clouds and Cluster Federation, explains how to deploy Kubernetes clusters in production on several specific platforms (bare metal, AWS, GCE). It also explains the need for cluster federation in real world.
Chapter 12, Customizing Kubernetes - APIs and Plugins, explains how to work with Kubernetes at the API level, as well as use cases and motivation to develop third-party resources. The reader will also be introduced to the types of plugins that Kubernetes supports and how to develop custom plugins.
Chapter 13, Handling the Kubernetes Package Manager, explains how to handle Kubernetes applications as packages. It discusses how to find and install existing Helm packages, as well as how to write your own Helm charts.
Chapter 14, The Future of Kubernetes, peers into the future and presents a roadmap and trends for Kubernetes, as well as its position in the orchestration scene and a comparison with its competitors.
To follow along with the examples in each chapter, you need a recent version of Docker and Kubernetes installed on your machine, ideally Kubernetes 1.6. If your operating system is Windows 10 Professional, you can enable the hypervisor mode, otherwise you will need to install VirtualBox and use a Linux guest OS.
The book is for system administrators and developers who have intermediate level knowledge with Kubernetes and are now waiting to master its advanced features. You should also have basic networking knowledge. This advanced-level book provides a pathway to mastering Kubernetes.
In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.
Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "The naming convention is <category>/<metrics name> (except for uptime, which has a single metric)."
A block of code is set as follows:
type Runtime interface {
Type() string
Version() (Version, error)
APIVersion() (Version, error)
Status() error
GetPods(all bool) ([]*Pod, error)Any command-line input or output is written as follows:
GET /api/v1/pods
New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: "The Username and Password are root and root by default:"
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