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Mastering Kubernetes - Second Edition

By : Gigi Sayfan

3.6 (10)

Mastering Kubernetes

3.6 (10)

By: Gigi Sayfan

Overview of this book

Kubernetes is an open source system that is used to automate the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. If you are running more containers or want automated management of your containers, you need Kubernetes at your disposal. To put things into perspective, Mastering Kubernetes walks you through the advanced management of Kubernetes clusters. To start with, you will learn the fundamentals of both Kubernetes architecture and Kubernetes design in detail. You will discover how to run complex stateful microservices on Kubernetes including advanced features such as horizontal pod autoscaling, rolling updates, resource quotas, and persistent storage backend. Using real-world use cases, you will explore the options for network configuration, and understand how to set up, operate, and troubleshoot various Kubernetes networking plugins. In addition to this, you will get to grips with custom resource development and utilization in automation and maintenance workflows. To scale up your knowledge of Kubernetes, you will encounter some additional concepts based on the Kubernetes 1.10 release, such as Promethus, Role-based access control, API aggregation, and more. By the end of this book, you’ll know everything you need to graduate from intermediate to advanced level of understanding Kubernetes.

Preface

Preface

Who this book is for

What this book covers

To get the most out of this book

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Free Chapter

Understanding Kubernetes Architecture

Understanding Kubernetes Architecture

What is Kubernetes?

What Kubernetes is not

Understanding container orchestration

Kubernetes concepts

Diving into Kubernetes architecture in-depth

The Kubernetes APIs

Kubernetes components

Kubernetes runtimes

Continuous integration and deployment

Summary

Creating Kubernetes Clusters

Creating Kubernetes Clusters

A quick single-node cluster with Minikube

Creating a multinode cluster using kubeadm

Creating clusters in the cloud (GCP, AWS, and Azure)

Creating a bare-metal cluster from scratch

The process

Using virtual private cloud infrastructure

Summary

Monitoring, Logging, and Troubleshooting

Monitoring, Logging, and Troubleshooting

Monitoring Kubernetes with Heapster

Installing Heapster

InfluxDB backend

Performance analysis with the dashboard

Detecting node problems

Troubleshooting scenarios

Designing robust systems

Hardware failure

Using Prometheus

Summary

High Availability and Reliability

High Availability and Reliability

High-availability concepts

High-availability best practices

Live cluster upgrades

Large-cluster performance, cost, and design trade-offs

Summary

Configuring Kubernetes Security, Limits, and Accounts

Configuring Kubernetes Security, Limits, and Accounts

Understanding Kubernetes security challenges

Hardening Kubernetes

Running a multiuser cluster

Summary

Using Critical Kubernetes Resources

Using Critical Kubernetes Resources

Designing the Hue platform

Using Kubernetes to build the Hue platform

Separating internal and external services

Using namespace to limit access

Launching jobs

Mixing non-cluster components

Employing Init Containers for orderly pod bring-up

Evolving the Hue platform with Kubernetes

Summary

Handling Kubernetes Storage

Handling Kubernetes Storage

Persistent volumes walk-through

Public storage volume types – GCE, AWS, and Azure

GlusterFS and Ceph volumes in Kubernetes

Flocker as a clustered container data volume manager

Integrating enterprise storage into Kubernetes

Projecting volumes

Using out-of-tree volume plugins with FlexVolume

The Container Storage Interface

Summary

Running Stateful Applications with Kubernetes

Running Stateful Applications with Kubernetes

Stateful versus stateless applications in Kubernetes

Shared environment variables versus DNS records for discovery

Running a Cassandra cluster in Kubernetes

Summary

Rolling Updates, Scalability, and Quotas

Rolling Updates, Scalability, and Quotas

Horizontal pod autoscaling

Performing rolling updates with autoscaling

Handling scarce resources with limits and quotas

Choosing and managing the cluster capacity

Pushing the envelope with Kubernetes

Summary

Advanced Kubernetes Networking

Advanced Kubernetes Networking

Understanding the Kubernetes networking model

Kubernetes networking solutions

Using network policies effectively

Load balancing options

Træfic

Writing your own CNI plugin

Summary

Running Kubernetes on Multiple Clouds and Cluster Federation

Running Kubernetes on Multiple Clouds and Cluster Federation

Understanding cluster federation

Managing a Kubernetes cluster federation

Running federated workloads

Summary

Customizing Kubernetes – API and Plugins

Customizing Kubernetes – API and Plugins

Working with the Kubernetes API

Extending the Kubernetes API

Writing Kubernetes plugins

Employing access control webhooks

Summary

Handling the Kubernetes Package Manager

Handling the Kubernetes Package Manager

Understanding Helm

Using Helm

Creating your own charts

Summary

The Future of Kubernetes

The Future of Kubernetes

The road ahead

Competition

Education and training

Modularization and out-of-tree plugins

Service meshes and serverless frameworks

Summary

Other Books You May Enjoy

Other Books You May Enjoy

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Installing Heapster

Heapster components may or may not be installed in your Kubernetes cluster. If Heapster is not installed, you can install it with a few simple commands. First, let's clone the Heapster repo:

> git clone https://github.com/kubernetes/heapster.git
> cd heapster

In earlier versions of Kubernetes, Heapster exposed the services as NodePort by default. Now, they are exposed by default as ClusterIP, which means that they are available only inside the cluster. To make them available locally, I added type: NodePort to the spec of each service in deploy/kube-config/influxdb. For example, for deploy/kube-config/influxdb/influxdb.yaml:

> git diff deploy/kube-config/influxdb/influxdb.yaml
diff --git a/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/influxdb.yaml b/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/influxdb.yaml
index 29408b81..70f52d2c 100644
--- a/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/influxdb...

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