Book Image

The Kubernetes Workshop

By : Zachary Arnold, Sahil Dua, Wei Huang, Faisal Masood, Mélony Qin, Mohammed Abu Taleb
Book Image

The Kubernetes Workshop

By: Zachary Arnold, Sahil Dua, Wei Huang, Faisal Masood, Mélony Qin, Mohammed Abu Taleb

Overview of this book

Thanks to its extensive support for managing hundreds of containers that run cloud-native applications, Kubernetes is the most popular open source container orchestration platform that makes cluster management easy. This workshop adopts a practical approach to get you acquainted with the Kubernetes environment and its applications. Starting with an introduction to the fundamentals of Kubernetes, you’ll install and set up your Kubernetes environment. You’ll understand how to write YAML files and deploy your first simple web application container using Pod. You’ll then assign human-friendly names to Pods, explore various Kubernetes entities and functions, and discover when to use them. As you work through the chapters, this Kubernetes book will show you how you can make full-scale use of Kubernetes by applying a variety of techniques for designing components and deploying clusters. You’ll also get to grips with security policies for limiting access to certain functions inside the cluster. Toward the end of the book, you’ll get a rundown of Kubernetes advanced features for building your own controller and upgrading to a Kubernetes cluster without downtime. By the end of this workshop, you’ll be able to manage containers and run cloud-based applications efficiently using Kubernetes.

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Table of Contents (20 chapters)
Preface
About the Book
1
1. Introduction to Kubernetes and Containers
1. Introduction to Kubernetes and Containers
Introduction
The Evolution of Software Development
Virtual Machines versus Containers
Docker Basics
The Essence of Linux Container Technology
The Need for Container Orchestration
Welcome to the Kubernetes World
Summary
Free Chapter
2
2. An Overview of Kubernetes
2. An Overview of Kubernetes
Introduction
Setting up Kubernetes
Kubernetes Components Overview
Kubernetes Architecture
Migrating Containerized Application to Kubernetes
Delivering Kubernetes-Native Applications
Pod Life Cycle and Kubernetes Components
Summary
3
3. kubectl – Kubernetes Command Center
3. kubectl – Kubernetes Command Center
Introduction
How kubectl Communicates with Kubernetes
Setting up Environments with Autocompletion and Shortcuts
Common kubectl Commands
Populating Deployments in Kubernetes
Summary
4
4. How to Communicate with Kubernetes (API Server)
4. How to Communicate with Kubernetes (API Server)
Introduction
The Kubernetes API Server
Kubernetes HTTP Request Flow
The Kubernetes API
Scope of API Resources
API Groups
API Versions
Interacting with Clusters Using the Kubernetes API
Direct Access to the Kubernetes API Using Authentication Credentials
Summary
5
5. Pods
5. Pods
Introduction
Pod Configuration
Life Cycle of a Pod
Probes/Health Checks
Summary
6
6. Labels and Annotations
6. Labels and Annotations
Introduction
Labels
Annotations
Summary
7
7. Kubernetes Controllers
7. Kubernetes Controllers
Introduction
ReplicaSets
Deployment
StatefulSets
DaemonSets
Jobs
Summary
8
8. Service Discovery
8. Service Discovery
Introduction
Service
Ingress
Summary
9
9. Storing and Reading Data on Disk
9. Storing and Reading Data on Disk
Introduction
Volumes
Persistent Volumes
Dynamic Provisioning
Summary
10
10. ConfigMaps and Secrets
10. ConfigMaps and Secrets
Introduction
What Is a ConfigMap?
What Is a Secret?
Summary
11
11. Build Your Own HA Cluster
11. Build Your Own HA Cluster
Introduction
How the Components of Kubernetes Work Together to Achieve High Availability
Building a High-Availability Focused Kubernetes Cluster
Summary
12
12. Your Application and HA
12. Your Application and HA
Introduction
An Overview of Infrastructure Life Cycle Management
Terraform
Kubernetes Ingress
Highly Available Applications Running on Top of Kubernetes
Working with Stateful Applications
Summary
13
13. Runtime and Network Security in Kubernetes
13. Runtime and Network Security in Kubernetes
Introduction
Threat Modeling
Cluster Security
Kubernetes RBAC
NetworkPolicies
PodSecurityPolicy
Summary
14
14. Running Stateful Components in Kubernetes
14. Running Stateful Components in Kubernetes
Introduction
Stateful Apps
Understanding StatefulSets
Further Refactoring Our Application
Helm
Summary
15
15. Monitoring and Autoscaling in Kubernetes
15. Monitoring and Autoscaling in Kubernetes
Introduction
Kubernetes Monitoring
Autoscaling in Kubernetes
Summary
16
16. Kubernetes Admission Controllers
16. Kubernetes Admission Controllers
Introduction
How Admission Controllers Work
Creating Controllers with Custom Logic
How a Webhook Works
Validating a Webhook
Summary
17
17. Advanced Scheduling in Kubernetes
17. Advanced Scheduling in Kubernetes
Introduction
The Kubernetes Scheduler
The Pod Scheduling Process
Managing the Kubernetes Scheduler
Pod Affinity and Anti-Affinity
Pod Priority
Taints and Tolerations
Using a Custom Kubernetes Scheduler
Summary
18
18. Upgrading Your Cluster without Downtime
18. Upgrading Your Cluster without Downtime
Introduction
The Need to Upgrade Your Kubernetes Cluster
Kubernetes Components – Refresher
The Upgrade Process
Upgrading Kubernetes Master Components
Upgrading Kubernetes Worker Nodes
Summary
19
19. Custom Resource Definitions in Kubernetes
19. Custom Resource Definitions in Kubernetes
Introduction
What Is a Custom Controller?
Standard Kubernetes API Resources
Why We Need Custom Resources?
How Our Custom Resources Are Defined
Summary

How Our Custom Resources Are Defined

To come up with a solution for Example Use Case 3 in the previous section, we have decided that our CRD will define two fields, as mentioned in the preceding example. To accomplish this, our CR object will look as follows. 

apiVersion: "controllers.kube.book.au/v1"
kind: PodLifecycleConfig
metadata:
  name: demo-pod-lifecycle
spec:
  namespaceName: crddemo
  podLiveForThisMinutes: 1

The preceding specification defines our target object. As you can see, it looks just like normal Kubernetes objects, but the specifications (the spec section) are defined as per our requirements. Let's dig a bit deeper into the details.

apiVersion

This is the field required by Kubernetes to group objects. Note that we put the version (v1) as part of the group key. This grouping technique helps us keep multiple versions of our object. Consider whether you want to add a new property without affecting existing users...

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