Book Image

Hands-On Kubernetes on Windows

By : Piotr Tylenda
Book Image

Hands-On Kubernetes on Windows

By: Piotr Tylenda

Overview of this book

With the adoption of Windows containers in Kubernetes, you can now fully leverage the flexibility and robustness of the Kubernetes container orchestration system in the Windows ecosystem. This support will enable you to create new Windows applications and migrate existing ones to the cloud-native stack with the same ease as for Linux-oriented cloud applications. This practical guide takes you through the key concepts involved in packaging Windows-distributed applications into containers and orchestrating these using Kubernetes. You'll also understand the current limitations of Windows support in Kubernetes. As you advance, you'll gain hands-on experience deploying a fully functional hybrid Linux/Windows Kubernetes cluster for development, and explore production scenarios in on-premises and cloud environments, such as Microsoft Azure Kubernetes Service. By the end of this book, you'll be well-versed with containerization, microservices architecture, and the critical considerations for running Kubernetes in production environments successfully.

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Table of Contents (23 chapters)
Preface
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Get in touch
1
Section 1: Creating and Working with Containers
Section 1: Creating and Working with Containers
Free Chapter
2
Creating Containers
Creating Containers
Technical requirements
Linux versus Windows containers
Understanding Windows container variants
Installing Docker Desktop for Windows tooling
Building your first container
Summary
Questions
Further reading
3
Managing State in Containers
Managing State in Containers
Technical requirements
Mounting local volumes for stateful applications
Using remote/cloud storage for container storage
Running clustered solutions inside containers
Summary
Questions
Further reading
4
Working with Container Images
Working with Container Images
Technical requirements
Storing and sharing container images
Using cloud container builders
Image tagging and versioning
Ensuring the integrity of the image supply chain
Summary
Questions
Further reading
5
Section 2: Understanding Kubernetes Fundamentals
Section 2: Understanding Kubernetes Fundamentals
6
Kubernetes Concepts and Windows Support
Kubernetes Concepts and Windows Support
Technical requirements
Kubernetes high-level architecture
Kubernetes objects
The Windows and Kubernetes ecosystem
Kubernetes limitations on Windows
Creating your own development cluster from scratch
Production cluster deployment strategies
Managed Kubernetes providers
Summary
Questions
Further reading
7
Kubernetes Networking
Kubernetes Networking
Technical requirements
Kubernetes networking principles
Kubernetes CNI network plugins
Windows Server networking in Kubernetes
Choosing Kubernetes network modes
Summary
Questions
Further reading
8
Interacting with Kubernetes Clusters
Interacting with Kubernetes Clusters
Technical requirements
Installing Kubernetes command-line tooling
Accessing Kubernetes clusters
Working with development clusters
Looking at common kubectl commands
Summary
Questions
Further reading
9
Section 3: Creating Windows Kubernetes Clusters
Section 3: Creating Windows Kubernetes Clusters
10
Deploying a Hybrid On-Premises Kubernetes Cluster
Deploying a Hybrid On-Premises Kubernetes Cluster
Technical requirements
Preparing the Hyper-V environment
Creating a Kubernetes master node using kubeadm
Installing the Kubernetes network
Preparing VMs for Windows nodes
Joining Windows nodes using kubeadm
Deploying and inspecting your first application
Summary
Questions
Further reading
11
Deploying a Hybrid Azure Kubernetes Service Engine Cluster
Deploying a Hybrid Azure Kubernetes Service Engine Cluster
Technical requirements
Installing AKS Engine
Creating an Azure resource group and a service principal
Using apimodel and generating an Azure resource manager template
Deploying the cluster
Deploying and inspecting your first application
Summary
Questions
Further reading
12
Section 4: Orchestrating Windows Containers Using Kubernetes
Section 4: Orchestrating Windows Containers Using Kubernetes
13
Deploying Your First Application
Deploying Your First Application
Technical requirements
Imperatively deploying an application
Using Kubernetes manifest files
Scheduling Pods on Windows nodes
Accessing your application
Scaling the application
Summary
Questions
Further reading
14
Deploying Microsoft SQL Server 2019 and a ASP.NET MVC Application
Deploying Microsoft SQL Server 2019 and a ASP.NET MVC Application
Technical requirements
Creating and publishing an ASP.NET MVC application to Docker Hub
Preparing the AKS Engine
Deploying a failover Microsoft SQL Server 2019
Deploying the ASP.NET MVC application
Accessing the application
Scaling the application
Debugging the application
Summary
Questions
Further reading
15
Configuring Applications to Use Kubernetes Features
Configuring Applications to Use Kubernetes Features
Technical requirements
Using namespaces to isolate applications
Health monitoring using liveness and readiness probes
Specifying resource limits and configuring autoscaling
Managing application configuration using ConfigMaps and Secrets
Managing persistent data storage on Windows nodes
Configuring rolling updates for Deployments
Role-Based Access Control
Summary
Questions
Further reading
16
Development Workflow with Kubernetes
Development Workflow with Kubernetes
Technical requirements
Using developer tooling with Kubernetes
Packaging applications using Helm
Debugging a containerized application using Azure Application Insights
Using Kubernetes Dashboard
Working on microservices in a team using Azure Dev Spaces
Summary
Questions
Further reading
17
Securing Kubernetes Clusters and Applications
Securing Kubernetes Clusters and Applications
Technical requirements
Securing Kubernetes clusters
Securing container runtime in Windows
Deploying secure applications using network policies
Kubernetes secrets on Windows machines
Summary
Questions
Further reading
18
Monitoring Kubernetes Applications Using Prometheus
Monitoring Kubernetes Applications Using Prometheus
Technical requirements
Available monitoring solutions
Provisioning observable Windows nodes
Deploying Prometheus using a Helm chart
Windows Performance Counters
Monitoring .NET applications using prometheus-net
Configuring dashboards and alerts in Grafana
Summary
Questions
Further reading
19
Disaster Recovery
Disaster Recovery
Technical requirements
Kubernetes cluster backup strategy
Backing up an etcd cluster
Restoring the etcd cluster backup
Automating backup
Replacing a failed etcd cluster member
Summary
Questions
Further reading
20
Production Considerations for Running Kubernetes
Production Considerations for Running Kubernetes
Technical requirements
Provisioning clusters reproducibly
Kubeadm limitations
Upgrading clusters
OS patching
Configuring a network proxy for the Docker daemon and Kubernetes
Summary
Questions
Further reading
21
Assessments
Assessments
Chapter 1: Creating Containers
Chapter 2: Managing State in Containers
Chapter 3: Working with Container Images
Chapter 4: Kubernetes Concepts and Windows Support
Chapter 5: Kubernetes Networking
Chapter 6: Interacting with Kubernetes Clusters
Chapter 7: Deploying a Hybrid On-Premises Kubernetes Cluster
Chapter 8: Deploying a Hybrid Azure Kubernetes Service Engine Cluster
Chapter 9: Deploying Your First Application
Chapter 10: Deploying Microsoft SQL Server 2019 and ASP.NET MVC Applications
Chapter 11: Configuring Applications to Use Kubernetes Features
Chapter 12: Development Workflow with Kubernetes
Chapter 13: Securing Kubernetes Clusters and Applications
Chapter 14: Monitoring Kubernetes Applications Using Prometheus
Chapter 15: Disaster Recovery
Chapter 16: Production Considerations for Running Kubernetes
22
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Kubernetes limitations on Windows

Windows Server containers support comes with a set of limitations that constantly change as each new version of Kubernetes is released and new releases of Windows Server arrive. Generally, from a Kubernetes API Server and kubelet perspective, in heterogeneous (hybrid) Linux/Windows Kubernetes clusters, the containers on Windows behave almost the same as Linux containers. However, there are some key differences in the details. First, let's take a look at some high-level, major limitations:

  • Windows machines can only join the cluster as worker nodes. There is no possibility and no plans for running master components on Windows.
  • Windows Server 1809 or 2019 is the minimal requirement for the OS on worker nodes. You cannot use Windows 10 machines as nodes.
  • Docker Enterprise Edition (Basic) 18.09 or later is required as the container runtime. Enterprise...
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