At one point in the history of the Oracle database, there was no integrated tool with which the DBAs could back up and recover databases. The DBAs used manual methods to back up databases in a way that they could be safely recovered. Truthfully, these methods, known as user-managed backups, are used much less often today, due in large part to their low tolerance for human error. However, using the right procedures, user-managed backups produce all the proper output needed to recover a database.
To begin, we need to create a directory location for our user-managed backups. We will use the Windows platform for these examples, so we'll create a directory in the base of one of our system drives, in this example, the E:
.
We'll first examine the process behind performing a user-managed offline backup. The certification exam also refers to this as a whole consistent backup, indicating that all datafiles have been closed by the operating...