The Linux kernel supports a very sophisticated resource management system called cgroups (control groups), which, in a nutshell, are used to hierarchically organize processes and perform resource management (more on cgroups, with an example of cgroups v2 CPU controller usage, can be found in Chapter 11, The CPU Scheduler - Part 2, on CPU scheduling).
Among the several resource controllers is one for memory bandwidth. By carefully configuring it, the sysadmin can effectively regulate the distribution of memory on the system. Memory protection is possible, both as (what is called) hard and best-effort protection via certain memcg (memory cgroup) pseudo-files (particularly, the memory.min and memory.low files). In a similar fashion, within a cgroup, the memory.high and memory.max pseudo-files are the main mechanism to control the memory usage of a cgroup. Of course, as there...