Book Image

The Kubernetes Bible

By : Nassim Kebbani, Piotr Tylenda, Russ McKendrick
4 (3)
Book Image

The Kubernetes Bible

4 (3)
By: Nassim Kebbani, Piotr Tylenda, Russ McKendrick

Overview of this book

With its broad adoption across various industries, Kubernetes is helping engineers with the orchestration and automation of container deployments on a large scale, making it the leading container orchestration system and the most popular choice for running containerized applications. This Kubernetes book starts with an introduction to Kubernetes and containerization, covering the setup of your local development environment and the roles of the most important Kubernetes components. Along with covering the core concepts necessary to make the most of your infrastructure, this book will also help you get acquainted with the fundamentals of Kubernetes. As you advance, you'll learn how to manage Kubernetes clusters on cloud platforms, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP), and develop and deploy real-world applications in Kubernetes using practical examples. Additionally, you'll get to grips with managing microservices along with best practices. By the end of this book, you'll be equipped with battle-tested knowledge of advanced Kubernetes topics, such as scheduling of Pods and managing incoming traffic to the cluster, and be ready to work with Kubernetes on cloud platforms.

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Table of Contents (28 chapters)
Preface
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Download the example code files
Download the color images
Conventions used
Get in touch
Share Your Thoughts
1
Section 1: Introducing Kubernetes
Section 1: Introducing Kubernetes
Free Chapter
2
Chapter 1: Kubernetes Fundamentals
Chapter 1: Kubernetes Fundamentals
Understanding monoliths and microservices
Understanding containers and Docker
How can Kubernetes help you to manage your Docker containers?
Exploring the problems that Kubernetes solves
Understanding the history of Kubernetes
Summary
3
Chapter 2: Kubernetes Architecture – From Docker Images to Running Pods
Chapter 2: Kubernetes Architecture – From Docker Images to Running Pods
Understanding the difference between the master and worker nodes
The kube-apiserver component
Exploring the kubectl command-line tool and YAML syntax
The Etcd datastore
The Kubelet and worker node components
The kube-scheduler component
The kube-controller-manager component
How to make Kubernetes highly available
Summary
4
Chapter 3: Installing Your First Kubernetes Cluster
Chapter 3: Installing Your First Kubernetes Cluster
Technical requirements
Installing a single-node cluster with Minikube
Launching a multi-node Kubernetes cluster with Kind
Installing a Kubernetes cluster using Google GKE
Installing a Kubernetes cluster using Amazon EKS
Installing a Kubernetes cluster using Azure AKS
Summary
5
Section 2: Diving into Kubernetes Core Concepts
Section 2: Diving into Kubernetes Core Concepts
6
Chapter 4: Running Your Docker Containers
Chapter 4: Running Your Docker Containers
Technical requirements
Let's explain the notion of Pods
Launching your first Pods
Labeling and annotating the Pods
Launching your first job
Launching your first Cronjob
Summary
7
Chapter 5: Using Multi-Container Pods and Design Patterns
Chapter 5: Using Multi-Container Pods and Design Patterns
Technical requirements
Understanding what multi-container Pods are
Sharing volumes between containers in the same Pod
The ambassador design pattern
The sidecar design pattern
The adapter design pattern
Summary
8
Chapter 6: Configuring Your Pods Using ConfigMaps and Secrets
Chapter 6: Configuring Your Pods Using ConfigMaps and Secrets
Technical requirements
Understanding what ConfigMaps and Secrets are
Configuring your Pods using ConfigMaps
Managing sensitive configuration with the Secret object
Summary
9
Chapter 7: Exposing Your Pods with Services
Chapter 7: Exposing Your Pods with Services
Technical requirements
Why would you want to expose your Pods?
The NodePort service
The ClusterIP service
The LoadBalancer service
Implementing ReadinessProbe
Securing your Pods using the NetworkPolicy object
Summary
10
Chapter 8: Managing Namespaces in Kubernetes
Chapter 8: Managing Namespaces in Kubernetes
Technical requirements
Introduction to Kubernetes namespaces
How namespaces impact your resources and services
Configuring ResourceQuota and Limit at the namespace level
Listing ResourceQuota
Deleting ResourceQuota
Introducing LimitRange
Listing LimitRange
Deleting LimitRange
Summary
11
Chapter 9: Persistent Storage in Kubernetes
Chapter 9: Persistent Storage in Kubernetes
Technical requirements
Why you would want to use PersistentVolume
Understanding how to mount a PersistentVolume to your Pod claims
Understanding the life cycle of a PersistentVolume object in Kubernetes
Static and dynamic PersistentVolume provisioning
Summary
12
Section 3: Using Managed Pods with Controllers
Section 3: Using Managed Pods with Controllers
13
Chapter 10: Running Production-Grade Kubernetes Workloads
Chapter 10: Running Production-Grade Kubernetes Workloads
Technical requirements
Ensuring HA and FT on Kubernetes
What is ReplicationController?
What is ReplicaSet and how does it differ from ReplicationController?
Summary
Further reading
14
Chapter 11: Deployment – Deploying Stateless Applications
Chapter 11: Deployment – Deploying Stateless Applications
Technical requirements
Introducing the Deployment object
How does a Deployment object manage revisions and version rollout?
Deployment object best practices
Summary
Further reading
15
Chapter 12: StatefulSet – Deploying Stateful Applications
Chapter 12: StatefulSet – Deploying Stateful Applications
Technical requirements
Introducing the StatefulSet object
Managing StatefulSet
Releasing a new version of an app deployed as a StatefulSet
StatefulSet best practices
Summary
Further reading
16
Chapter 13: DaemonSet – Maintaining Pod Singletons on Nodes
Chapter 13: DaemonSet – Maintaining Pod Singletons on Nodes
Technical requirements
Introducing the DaemonSet object
Creating and managing DaemonSets
Common use cases for DaemonSets
Alternatives to DaemonSets
Summary
Further reading
17
Section 4: Deploying Kubernetes on the Cloud
Section 4: Deploying Kubernetes on the Cloud
18
Chapter 14: Kubernetes Clusters on Google Kubernetes Engine
Chapter 14: Kubernetes Clusters on Google Kubernetes Engine
Technical requirements
What are GCP and GKE?
Preparing your environment
Launching your first GKE cluster
Deploying a workload and interacting with your cluster
More about cluster nodes
Summary
Further reading
19
Chapter 15: Launching a Kubernetes Cluster on Amazon Web Services with Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service
Chapter 15: Launching a Kubernetes Cluster on Amazon Web Services with Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service
Technical requirements
What are AWS and Amazon EKS?
Preparing your local environment
Launching your Amazon EKS cluster
Deploying a workload and interacting with your cluster
Deleting your Amazon EKS cluster
Summary
Further reading
20
Chapter 16: Kubernetes Clusters on Microsoft Azure with Azure Kubernetes Service
Chapter 16: Kubernetes Clusters on Microsoft Azure with Azure Kubernetes Service
Technical requirements
What are Microsoft Azure and AKS?
Preparing your local environment
Launching your AKS cluster
Deploying a workload and interacting with your cluster
Deleting your AKS cluster
Summary
Further reading
21
Section 5: Advanced Kubernetes
Section 5: Advanced Kubernetes
22
Chapter 17: Working with Helm Charts
Chapter 17: Working with Helm Charts
Technical requirements
Understanding Helm
Releasing software to Kubernetes using Helm
Helm chart anatomy
Installing popular solutions using Helm charts
Summary
Further reading
23
Chapter 18: Authentication and Authorization on Kubernetes
Chapter 18: Authentication and Authorization on Kubernetes
Technical requirements
Authentication and user management
Authorization and introduction to RBAC
Azure Kubernetes Service and Azure Active Directory integration
Summary
Further reading
24
Chapter 19: Advanced Techniques for Scheduling Pods
Chapter 19: Advanced Techniques for Scheduling Pods
Technical requirements
Refresher – What is kube-scheduler?
Managing Node affinity
Using Node taints and tolerations
Scheduling policies
Summary
Further reading
25
Chapter 20: Autoscaling Kubernetes Pods and Nodes
Chapter 20: Autoscaling Kubernetes Pods and Nodes
Technical requirements
Pod resource requests and limits
Autoscaling Pods vertically using a Vertical Pod Autoscaler
Autoscaling Pods horizontally using a Horizontal Pod Autoscaler
Autoscaling Kubernetes Nodes using a Cluster Autoscaler
Summary
Further reading
26
Chapter 21: Advanced Traffic Routing with Ingress
Chapter 21: Advanced Traffic Routing with Ingress
Technical requirements
Refresher: Kubernetes services
Introducing the Ingress object
Using nginx as an Ingress Controller
Azure Application Gateway Ingress Controller for AKS
Summary
Further reading
Why subscribe?
27
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The Etcd datastore

We explained that kube-apiserver is a stateless API that can be scaled horizontally. However, it is necessary for kube-apiserver to store the state of the cluster somewhere, such as the number of containers created, on which machines, the names of the pods, which Docker images they use, and more. To achieve that, it uses the Etcd database.

The role of the Etcd datastore

Etcd is part of the control plane. The kube-apiserver component relies on a distributed NoSQL database called Etcd. Strictly speaking, Etcd is not a component of the Kubernetes project. As you might have gathered, Etcd is not named according to the same nomenclature as the other components (kube*). This is because Etcd is not actually a Kubernetes project but a project completely independent of Kubernetes.

Instead of using a full-featured relational database such as MySQL or PostgreSQL, Kubernetes relies on this NoSQL distributed datastore called Etcd to store its state persistently. Etcd...

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