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Data Analysis Using SQL and Excel - Second Edition
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The location of each point on the earth’s surface is described by two coordinates: the latitude and the longitude. Because the earth is basically a sphere and not a flat plane, latitudes and longitudes behave a bit differently from high school geometry. This section uses ZipCensus to investigate them.
The “lines” of latitude and longitude are actually circles on the earth’s globe. All “lines” of longitude go through the north and south poles. All “lines” of latitude are circles parallel to the equator. The actual measurements are angles, measured from the center of the earth to the prime meridian (for longitude) or to the equator (for latitude). The prime meridian, also called the Greenwich meridian, passes through central London and its use as the starting point for measuring east-west distances dates back to an international agreement in 1884. Figure 4.1
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