Elasticsearch supports bulk operation to load/update data to the index. The advantage of bulk update is that it reduces the number of HTTP calls, which will in turn increase throughput by the reduction of turnarounds between calls. When using the bulk API, we should use a file to store bulk data to prepare for an upload. In CURL, we can use the --data-binary flag to upload a file, instead of the -d plain. This is because in bulk mode, a newline character is treated as a record delimiter, which means no pretty print JSON.

Bulk API supports most update operations and can be broken down into four types of actions: index, create, delete, and update. Index and create serve a similar purpose; you can use either one to insert a document. The action composed of two rows: a row for action and metadata, and a row for source (for example, a document we want to insert). Delete has the same semantics as delete API and it does not require a source. Update's syntax is similar to...