Clojure Data Analysis Cookbook

Clojure Data Analysis Cookbook

By : Eric Rochester

Buy this Book

Clojure Data Analysis Cookbook

By: Eric Rochester

Buy this Book

Overview of this book

Data is everywhere and it's increasingly important to be able to gain insights that we can act on. Using Clojure for data analysis and collection, this book will show you how to gain fresh insights and perspectives from your data with an essential collection of practical, structured recipes. "The Clojure Data Analysis Cookbook" presents recipes for every stage of the data analysis process. Whether scraping data off a web page, performing data mining, or creating graphs for the web, this book has something for the task at hand. You'll learn how to acquire data, clean it up, and transform it into useful graphs which can then be analyzed and published to the Internet. Coverage includes advanced topics like processing data concurrently, applying powerful statistical techniques like Bayesian modelling, and even data mining algorithms such as K-means clustering, neural networks, and association rules.

Clojure Data Analysis Cookbook

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewers

www.PacktPub.com

Preface

Free Chapter

Importing Data for Analysis

Introduction

Creating a new project

Reading CSV data into Incanter datasets

Reading JSON data into Incanter datasets

Reading data from Excel with Incanter

Reading data from JDBC databases

Reading XML data into Incanter datasets

Scraping data from tables in web pages

Scraping textual data from web pages

Reading RDF data

Reading RDF data with SPARQL

Aggregating data from different formats

Cleaning and Validating Data

Introduction

Cleaning data with regular expressions

Maintaining consistency with synonym maps

Identifying and removing duplicate data

Normalizing numbers

Rescaling values

Normalizing dates and times

Lazily processing very large data sets

Sampling from very large data sets

Fixing spelling errors

Parsing custom data formats

Validating data with Valip

Managing Complexity with Concurrent Programming

Introduction

Managing program complexity with STM

Managing program complexity with agents

Getting better performance with commute

Combining agents and STM

Maintaining consistency with ensure

Introducing safe side effects into the STM

Maintaining data consistency with validators

Tracking processing with watchers

Debugging concurrent programs with watchers

Recovering from errors in agents

Managing input with sized queues

Improving Performance with Parallel Programming

Introduction

Parallelizing processing with pmap

Parallelizing processing with Incanter

Partitioning Monte Carlo simulations for better pmap performance

Finding the optimal partition size with simulated annealing

Parallelizing with reducers

Generating online summary statistics with reducers

Harnessing your GPU with OpenCL and Calx

Using type hints

Benchmarking with Criterium

Distributed Data Processing with Cascalog

Introduction

Distributed processing with Cascalog and Hadoop

Querying data with Cascalog

Distributing data with Apache HDFS

Parsing CSV files with Cascalog

Complex queries with Cascalog

Aggregating data with Cascalog

Defining new Cascalog operators

Composing Cascalog queries

Handling errors in Cascalog workflows

Transforming data with Cascalog

Executing Cascalog queries in the Cloud with Pallet

Working with Incanter Datasets

Introduction

Loading Incanter's sample datasets

Loading Clojure data structures into datasets

Viewing datasets interactively with view

Converting datasets to matrices

Using infix formulas in Incanter

Selecting columns with $

Selecting rows with $

Filtering datasets with $where

Grouping data with $group-by

Saving datasets to CSV and JSON

Projecting from multiple datasets with $join

Preparing for and Performing Statistical Data Analysis with Incanter

Introduction

Generating summary statistics with $rollup

Differencing variables to show changes

Scaling variables to simplify variable relationships

Working with time series data with Incanter Zoo

Smoothing variables to decrease noise

Validating sample statistics with bootstrapping

Modeling linear relationships

Modeling non-linear relationships

Modeling multimodal Bayesian distributions

Finding data errors with Benford's law

Working with Mathematica and R

Introduction

Setting up Mathematica to talk to Clojuratica for Mac OS X and Linux

Setting up Mathematica to talk to Clojuratica for Windows

Calling Mathematica functions from Clojuratica

Sending matrices to Mathematica from Clojuratica

Evaluating Mathematica scripts from Clojuratica

Creating functions from Mathematica

Processing functions in parallel in Mathematica

Setting up R to talk to Clojure

Calling R functions from Clojure

Passing vectors into R

Evaluating R files from Clojure

Plotting in R from Clojure

Clustering, Classifying, and Working with Weka

Introduction

Loading CSV and ARFF files into Weka

Filtering and renaming columns in Weka datasets

Discovering groups of data using K-means clustering

Finding hierarchical clusters in Weka

Clustering with SOMs in Incanter

Classifying data with decision trees

Classifying data with the Naive Bayesian classifier

Classifying data with support vector machines

Finding associations in data with the Apriori algorithm

Graphing in Incanter

Introduction

Creating scatter plots with Incanter

Creating bar charts with Incanter

Graphing non-numeric data in bar charts

Creating histograms with Incanter

Creating function plots with Incanter

Adding equations to Incanter charts

Adding lines to scatter charts

Customizing charts with JFreeChart

Saving Incanter graphs to PNG

Using PCA to graph multi-dimensional data

Creating dynamic charts with Incanter

Creating Charts for the Web

Introduction

Serving data with Ring and Compojure

Creating HTML with Hiccup

Setting up to use ClojureScript

Creating scatter plots with NVD3

Creating bar charts with NVD3

Creating histograms with NVD3

Visualizing graphs with force-directed layouts

Creating interactive visualizations with D3

Index

Customer Reviews

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Using PCA to graph multi-dimensional data

So far, we've been limiting ourselves to two-dimensional data. After all, the human mind has a lot of trouble dealing with more than three dimensions, and even two-dimensional visualizations of three-dimensional space can be difficult to comprehend.

But we can use principal component analysis (PCA) to project higher-dimensional data down into lower dimensions and still capture the most significant relationships in the data. It does this by re-projecting the data onto a lower dimension in a way that captures the maximum amount of variance in the data. This makes the data easier to visualize in three- or two-dimensional space, and it also provides a way to select the most relevant features in a dataset.

In this recipe, we'll take the US Census race data that we've worked with in previous chapters and create a two-dimensional scatter plot of it.

Getting ready

We'll use the same dependencies in our project.clj file as we did in the Creating scatter plots...

Clojure Data Analysis Cookbook

By : Eric Rochester

Clojure Data Analysis Cookbook

By: Eric Rochester

Overview of this book

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Current Title:

Clojure Data Analysis Cookbook

Using PCA to graph multi-dimensional data

Getting ready