Book Image

Learning Apache Cassandra - Second Edition

Book Image

Learning Apache Cassandra - Second Edition

Overview of this book

Cassandra is a distributed database that stands out thanks to its robust feature set and intuitive interface, while providing high availability and scalability of a distributed data store. This book will introduce you to the rich feature set offered by Cassandra, and empower you to create and manage a highly scalable, performant and fault-tolerant database layer. The book starts by explaining the new features implemented in Cassandra 3.x and get you set up with Cassandra. Then you’ll walk through data modeling in Cassandra and the rich feature set available to design a flexible schema. Next you’ll learn to create tables with composite partition keys, collections and user-defined types and get to know different methods to avoid denormalization of data. You will then proceed to create user-defined functions and aggregates in Cassandra. Then, you will set up a multi node cluster and see how the dynamics of Cassandra change with it. Finally, you will implement some application-level optimizations using a Java client. By the end of this book, you'll be fully equipped to build powerful, scalable Cassandra database layers for your applications.
Table of Contents (14 chapters)

The limitations of collections


As we saw, collection columns are a useful and versatile feature of CQL. In fact, we might suppose that collections would be a good way to model data we've modeled in other ways in previous chapters. For instance, why not model a user's status updates as a list of text values in the users table?

As it turns out, collection columns do have some limitations that circumscribe the cases in which they're the best solution. We'll explore the major limitations now.

Reading discrete values from collections

The most powerful feature of CQL collections is the ability to write discrete values to a collection. It's possible to append a single value to a list, update a single key-value pair in a map, remove a specific value from a set, and so on.

At read time, however, there is no special support for reading discrete values. For instance, we might want to be able to do something like the following to read a specific element from a list column:

SELECT "shared_by"[2] 
FROM "user_status_updates...