Installing Python on Windows systems is complicated, leaving you with three different options. First, you can choose to use the standard Windows release with executable installer from Python.org available at http://www.python.org/download/releases/ . The potential problem with this route is that the directory structure, and therefore, the paths for configuration and settings will be different from the standard Python installation. As a result, each Python package that was installed (and there will be many) might have path problems. Further, most tutorials and answers online won't apply to a Windows environment, and you will be left to your own devices to figure out problems. We have witnessed countless tutorial-ending problems for students who install Python on Windows in this way. Unless you are an expert, we recommend that you do not choose this option.
The second option is to install a prebundled Python distribution that contains all scientific, numeric, and data-related packages in a single install. There are two suitable bundles, one from Enthought and another from Continuum Analytics. Enthought offers the Canopy distribution of Python 3.5 in both 32- and 64-bit versions for Windows. The free version of the software, Canopy Express, comes with more than 50 Python packages pre-configured so that they work straight out of the box, including pandas, NumPy, SciPy, IPython, and matplotlib, which should be sufficient for the purposes of this book. Canopy Express also comes with its own IDE reminiscent of MATLAB or RStudio.
Continuum Analytics offers Anaconda, a completely free (even for commercial work) distribution of Python 2.7, and 3.6, which contains over 100 Python packages for science, math, engineering, and data analysis. Anaconda contains NumPy, SciPy, pandas, IPython, matplotlib, and much more, and it should be more than sufficient for the work that we will do in this book.
The third, and best option for purists, is to run a virtual Linux machine within Windows using the free VirtualBox (https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads) from Oracle software. This will allow you to run Python in whatever version of Linux you prefer. The downside to this approach to that virtual machines tend to run a bit slower than native software, and you will have to get used to navigating via the Linux command line, a skill that any practicing data scientist should have.
Perform the following steps to install Python using VirtualBox:
- If you choose to run Python in a virtual Linux machine, visit https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads to download VirtualBox from Oracle Software for free.
- Follow the detailed install instructions for Windows at https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch01.html#intro-installing.
- Continue with the instructions and walk through the sections entitled 1.6. Starting VirtualBox, 1.7 Creating your first virtual machine, and 1.8 Running your virtual machine.
- Once your virtual machine is running, head over to the Installing Python on Linux and Mac OS X recipe.
If you want to install Continuum Analytics' Anaconda distribution locally instead, follow these steps:
- If you choose to install Continuum Analytics' Anaconda distribution, go to http://continuum.io/downloads and select either the 64- or 32-bit version of the software (the 64-bit version is preferable) under Windows installers.
- Follow the detailed installation instructions for Windows at http://docs.continuum.io/anaconda/install.html.
For many readers, choosing between a prepackaged Python distribution and running a virtual machine might be easy based on their experience. If you are wrestling with this decision, keep reading. If you come from a windows-only background and/or don't have much experience with a *nix command line, the virtual machine-based route will be challenging and will force you to expand your skill set greatly. This takes effort and a significant amount of tenacity, both useful for data science in general (trust us on this one). If you have the time and/or knowledge, running everything in a virtual machine will move you further down the path to becoming a data scientist and, most likely, make your code easier to deploy in production environments. If not, you can choose the backup plan and use the Anaconda distribution, as many people choose to do.
For the remainder of this book, we will always include Linux/Mac OS X-oriented Python package install instructions first and supplementary Anaconda install instructions second. Thus, for Windows users we will assume you have either gone the route of the Linux virtual machine or used the Anaconda distribution. If you choose to go down another path, we applaud your sense of adventure and wish you the best of luck! Let Google be with you.
You can also refer to the following:
- Refer to the Anaconda web page at https://store.continuum.io/cshop/anaconda/
- Visit the Enthought Canopy Express web page at https://www.enthought.com/canopy-express/
- Visit the VirtualBox website at https://www.virtualbox.org/
- Various installers of Python packages for Windows at http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs