Book Image

Advanced Deep Learning with Keras

By : Rowel Atienza
Book Image

Advanced Deep Learning with Keras

By: Rowel Atienza

Overview of this book

Recent developments in deep learning, including Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) are creating impressive AI results in our news headlines - such as AlphaGo Zero beating world chess champions, and generative AI that can create art paintings that sell for over $400k because they are so human-like. Advanced Deep Learning with Keras is a comprehensive guide to the advanced deep learning techniques available today, so you can create your own cutting-edge AI. Using Keras as an open-source deep learning library, you'll find hands-on projects throughout that show you how to create more effective AI with the latest techniques. The journey begins with an overview of MLPs, CNNs, and RNNs, which are the building blocks for the more advanced techniques in the book. You’ll learn how to implement deep learning models with Keras and TensorFlow 1.x, and move forwards to advanced techniques, as you explore deep neural network architectures, including ResNet and DenseNet, and how to create autoencoders. You then learn all about GANs, and how they can open new levels of AI performance. Next, you’ll get up to speed with how VAEs are implemented, and you’ll see how GANs and VAEs have the generative power to synthesize data that can be extremely convincing to humans - a major stride forward for modern AI. To complete this set of advanced techniques, you'll learn how to implement DRL such as Deep Q-Learning and Policy Gradient Methods, which are critical to many modern results in AI.
Table of Contents (16 chapters)
Advanced Deep Learning with Keras
Contributors
Preface
Other Books You May Enjoy
Index

Deep Q-Network (DQN)


Using the Q-Table to implement Q-Learning is fine in small discrete environments. However, when the environment has numerous states or continuous as in most cases, a Q-Table is not feasible or practical. For example, if we are observing a state made of four continuous variables, the size of the table is infinite. Even if we attempt to discretize the four variables into 1000 values each, the total number of rows in the table is a staggering 10004 = 1e12. Even after training, the table is sparse - most of the cells in this table are zero.

A solution to this problem is called DQN [2] which uses a deep neural network to approximate the Q-Table. As shown in Figure 9.6.1. There are two approaches to build the Q-network:

  1. The input is the state-action pair, and the prediction is the Q value

  2. The input is the state, and the prediction is the Q value for each action

The first option is not optimal since the network will be called a number of times equal to the number of actions....