Natural language processing (NLP) is about analyzing texts and designing algorithms to process texts, making predictions from texts, or generating more text. NLP covers anything related to language, often including speech similar to what we saw in the Recognizing voice commands recipe in Chapter 9, Deep Learning in Audio and Speech. You might also want to refer to the Battling algorithmic bias recipe in Chapter 2, Advanced Topics in Supervised Machine Learning, or the Representing for similarity search recipe in Chapter 3, Patterns, Outliers, and Recommendations, for more traditional approaches. Most of this chapter will deal with the deep learning models behind the breakthroughs in recent years.

Language is often seen to be intrinsically linked to human intelligence, and machines mastering communication capabilities have long been seen as closely intertwined...