In the context of a database, if a column is set to NULL, it effectively means that value is unknown. If we compare any other value with NULL, the result of that comparison is also unknown. In other words, a value can never be equal to NULL as NULL is the absence of a value. This means the ColumnValue = NULL expression will never evaluate to true or false; even if ColumnValue is in fact NULL, it will always evaluate to unknown. To detect whether a column value is NULL, we must use the IS NULL or IS NOT NULL special expressions rather than = or <>.
Having NULL values in our database is not an anti-pattern in and of itself, but when we assign a meaning to the value NULL in our application, we may face some challenges when it comes to writing performant...