Data science is becoming increasingly popular as industries continue to value its importance. Recent advancements in open source sofware have made this discipline accessible to a wide range of people. In this book, we show how Jupyter Notebooks can be used with Python for various data science applications. Aside from being an ideal "virtual playground" for data exploration, Jupyter Notebooks are equally suitable for creating reproducible data processing pipelines, visualizations, and prediction models. By using Python with Jupyter Notebooks, many challenges presented by data science become simple to conceptualize and implement. This is achieved by leveraging Python libraries, which offer abstractions to the more complicated underlying algorithms. The result is that data science becomes very approachable for beginners. Furthermore, the Python ecosystem is very strong and is growing with each passing year. As such, students who wish to continue learning about the topics covered in this book will fnd excellent resources to do so.
By the end of this book, you will be equipped to analyse data using Python and use Jupyter notebooks effectively.
Lesson 1, Jupyter Fundamentals, covers the fundamentals of data analysis in Jupyter. We will start with usage instructions and features of Jupyter such as magic functions and tab completion. We will then transition to data science specific material. We will run an exploratory analysis in a live Jupyter Notebook. We will use visual assists such as scatter plots, histograms, and violin plots to deepen our understanding of the data. We will also perform simple predictive modeling.
Lesson 2, Data Cleaning and Advanced Machine Learning, shows how predictive models can be trained in Jupyter Notebooks. We will talk about how to plan a machine learning strategy. This lesson also explains the machine learning terminology such as supervised learning, unsupervised learning, classification, and regression. We will discuss methods for preprocessing data using scikit-learn and pandas.
Lesson 3, Web Scraping and Interactive Visualizations, explains how to scrap web page tables and then use interactive visualizations to study the data. We will start by looking at how HTTP requests work, focusing on GET requests and their response status codes. Then, we will go into the Jupyter Notebook and make HTTP requests with Python using the Requests library. We will see how Jupyter can be used to render HTML in the notebook, along with actual web pages that can be interacted with. After making requests, we will see how Beautiful Soup can be used to parse text from the HTML, and used this library to scrape tabular data.
This book will require the following minimum hardware requirements:
Processor: Intel i5 (or equivalent)
Memory: 8GB RAM
Hard disk: 10 GB
An internet connection
Throughout this book, we will be using Python and Jupyter Notebook to run our code. Additionally, Anaconda environment is needed to run Python and Jupyter notebook. Please ensure you have the following installed on your machine:
Python 3.5+
Anaconda 4.3+
Python libraries included with Anaconda installation:
matplotlib 2.1.0+
ipython 6.1.0+
requests 2.18.4+
beautifulsoup4 4.6.0+
numpy 1.13.1+
pandas 0.20.3+
scikit-learn 0.19.0+
seaborn 0.8.0+
bokeh 0.12.10+
Python libraries that require manual installation:
mlxtend
version_information
ipython-sql
pdir2
graphviz
Before you start with this book, we'll install Anaconda environment which consists of Python and Jupyter Notebook.
Visit https://www.anaconda.com/download/ in your browser.
Click on Windows, Mac, or Linux, depending on the OS you are working on.
Next, click on the Download option. Make sure you download the latest version (3.6).
Open the installer afer download.
Follow the steps in the installer and that's it! Your Anaconda distribution is ready.ix
Search for Anaconda Prompt and open it.
Type the following commands to update conda and Jupyter:
#Update conda conda update conda #Update Jupyter conda update jupyter #install packages conda install numpy conda install pandas conda install statsmodels conda install matplotlib conda install seaborn
To open Jupyter Notebook from Anaconda Prompt, use the following command:
jupyter notebook
This book will be most applicable to professionals and students interested in data analysis. The topics covered are relevant to a variety of job descriptions across a large range of industries. For the best experience, you should have knowledge of programming fundamentals and some experience with Python. In particular, having some familiarity with Python libraries such as Pandas, matplotlib, and scikit-learn will be useful.
In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.
Code words and Python language keywords in text are shown as follows: "With the newly created blank Notebook, click in the top cell and type print('hello world')"
Folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, include file names in text are shown as follows: "The header file boost/asio.hpp includes most of the types and functions required for using the Asio library".
A block of code is set as follows:
y = df['MEDV'].copy() del df['MEDV'] df = pd.concat((y, df), axis=1)
New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: "Click on New in the upper-right corner and select a kernel from the drop-down menu."
Important new programming terms are shown in bold. Conceptual terms are shown in italics.
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