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PostgreSQL 11 Administration Cookbook

PostgreSQL 11 Administration Cookbook

By : Simon Riggs, Gianni Ciolli, Meesala
5 (1)
Buy this Book
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PostgreSQL 11 Administration Cookbook

PostgreSQL 11 Administration Cookbook

5 (1)
By: Simon Riggs, Gianni Ciolli, Meesala
Buy this Book

Overview of this book

PostgreSQL is a powerful, open source database management system with an enviable reputation for high performance and stability. With many new features in its arsenal, PostgreSQL 11 allows you to scale up your PostgreSQL infrastructure. This book takes a step-by-step, recipe-based approach to effective PostgreSQL administration. The book will introduce you to new features such as logical replication, native table partitioning, additional query parallelism, and much more to help you to understand and control, crash recovery and plan backups. You will learn how to tackle a variety of problems and pain points for any database administrator such as creating tables, managing views, improving performance, and securing your database. As you make steady progress, the book will draw attention to important topics such as monitoring roles, backup, and recovery of your PostgreSQL 11 database to help you understand roles and produce a summary of log files, ensuring high availability, concurrency, and replication. By the end of this book, you will have the necessary knowledge to manage your PostgreSQL 11 database efficiently.
Table of Contents (14 chapters)
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Preface
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Preface
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Who this book is for
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What this book covers
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To get the most out of this book
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Sections
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Get in touch
Lock Free Chapter
1
First Steps
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First Steps
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Introducing PostgreSQL 11
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Getting PostgreSQL
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Connecting to the PostgreSQL server
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Enabling access for network/remote users
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Using graphical administration tools
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OmniDB
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Using the psql query and scripting tool
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Changing your password securely
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Avoiding hardcoding your password
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Using a connection service file
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Troubleshooting a failed connection
2
Exploring the Database
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Exploring the Database
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What type of server is this?
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What version is the server?
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What is the server uptime?
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Locating the database server files
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Locating the database server's message log
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Locating the database's system identifier
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Listing databases on the database server
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How many tables are there in a database?
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How much disk space does a database use?
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How much disk space does a table use?
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Which are my biggest tables?
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How many rows are there in a table?
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Quickly estimating the number of rows in a table
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Listing extensions in this database
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Understanding object dependencies
3
Configuration
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Configuration
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Reading the fine manual
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Planning a new database
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Changing parameters in your programs
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Finding the current configuration settings
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Which parameters are at non-default settings?
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Updating the parameter file
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Setting parameters for particular groups of users
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The basic server configuration checklist
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Adding an external module to PostgreSQL
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Using an installed module
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Managing installed extensions
4
Server Control
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Server Control
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Introduction
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Starting the database server manually
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Stopping the server safely and quickly
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Stopping the server in an emergency
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Reloading the server configuration files
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Restarting the server quickly
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Preventing new connections
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Restricting users to only one session each
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Pushing users off the system
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Deciding on a design for multitenancy
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Using multiple schemas
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Giving users their own private database
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Running multiple servers on one system
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Setting up a connection pool
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Accessing multiple servers using the same host and port
5
Tables and Data
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Tables and Data
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Choosing good names for database objects
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Handling objects with quoted names
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Enforcing the same name and definition for columns
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Identifying and removing duplicates
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Preventing duplicate rows
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Finding a unique key for a set of data
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Generating test data
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Randomly sampling data
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Loading data from a spreadsheet
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Loading data from flat files
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Making bulk data changes using server-side procedures with transactions
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Security
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Security
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Introduction
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The PostgreSQL superuser
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Revoking user access to a table
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Granting user access to a table
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Granting user access to specific columns
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Granting user access to specific rows
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Creating a new user
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Temporarily preventing a user from connecting
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Removing a user without dropping their data
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Checking whether all users have a secure password
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Giving limited superuser powers to specific users
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Auditing database access
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Always knowing which user is logged in
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Integrating with LDAP
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Connecting using SSL
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Using SSL certificates to authenticate
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Mapping external usernames to database roles
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Encrypting sensitive data
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Database Administration
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Database Administration
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Writing a script that either succeeds entirely or fails entirely
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Writing a psql script that exits on the first error
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Using psql variables
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Placing query output into psql variables
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Writing a conditional psql script
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Investigating a psql error
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Using pgAdmin for DBA tasks
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Using OmniDB for DBA tasks
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Performing actions on many tables
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Adding/removing columns on a table
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Changing the data type of a column
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Changing the definition of a data type
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Adding/removing schemas
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Moving objects between schemas
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Adding/removing tablespaces
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Moving objects between tablespaces
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Accessing objects in other PostgreSQL databases
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Accessing objects in other foreign databases
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Updatable views
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Using materialized views
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Monitoring and Diagnosis
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Monitoring and Diagnosis
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Introduction
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Providing PostgreSQL information to monitoring tools
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Real-time viewing using pgAdmin or OmniDB
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Checking whether a user is connected
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Checking whether a computer is connected
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Repeatedly executing a query in psql
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Checking which queries are running
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Checking which queries are active or blocked
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Knowing who is blocking a query
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Killing a specific session
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Detecting an in-doubt prepared transaction
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Knowing whether anybody is using a specific table
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Knowing when a table was last used
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Usage of disk space by temporary data
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Understanding why queries slow down
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Investigating and reporting a bug
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Producing a daily summary of log file errors
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Analyzing the real-time performance of your queries
9
Regular Maintenance
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Regular Maintenance
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Controlling automatic database maintenance
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Avoiding auto-freezing and page corruptions
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Removing issues that cause bloat
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Removing old prepared transactions
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Actions for heavy users of temporary tables
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Identifying and fixing bloated tables and indexes
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Monitoring and tuning a vacuum
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Maintaining indexes
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Adding a constraint without checking existing rows
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Finding unused indexes
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Carefully removing unwanted indexes
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Planning maintenance
10
Performance and Concurrency
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Performance and Concurrency
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Finding slow SQL statements
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Finding out what makes SQL slow
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Collect regular statistics from pg_stat* views
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Reducing the number of rows returned
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Simplifying complex SQL queries
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Speeding up queries without rewriting them
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Discovering why a query is not using an index
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Forcing a query to use an index
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Using parallel query
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Creating time series tables
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Using optimistic locking
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Reporting performance problems
11
Backup and Recovery
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Backup and Recovery
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Understanding and controlling crash recovery
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Planning backups
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Hot logical backups of one database
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Hot logical backups of all databases
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Backups of database object definitions
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Standalone hot physical database backup
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Hot physical backup and continuous archiving
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Recovery of all databases
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Recovery to a point in time
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Recovery of a dropped/damaged table
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Recovery of a dropped/damaged database
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Improving performance of backup/recovery
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Incremental/differential backup and restore
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Hot physical backups with Barman
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Recovery with Barman
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Validating backups
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Replication and Upgrades
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Replication and Upgrades
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Replication concepts
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Replication best practices
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Setting up file-based replication – deprecated
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Setting up streaming replication
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Setting up streaming replication security
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Hot standby and read scalability
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Managing streaming replication
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Using repmgr
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Using replication slots
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Monitoring replication
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Performance and synchronous replication
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Delaying, pausing, and synchronizing replication
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Logical replication
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Bidirectional replication
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Archiving transaction log data
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Upgrading minor releases
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Major upgrades in-place
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Major upgrades online
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Other Books You May Enjoy
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Leave a review - let other readers know what you think

Granting user access to a table

A user needs to have access to a table in order to perform any actions on it.

Getting ready

Make sure that you have the appropriate roles defined, and that privileges are revoked from the PUBLIC role:

CREATE GROUP webreaders;
CREATE USER tim;
CREATE USER bob;
REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA someschema FROM PUBLIC;

How to do it…

We had to grant access to the schema in order to allow access to the table. This suggests that access to a given schema can be used as a fast and extreme way of preventing any access to any object in that schema. Otherwise, if you want to allow some access, you must use specific GRANT and REVOKE statements as needed:

GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA someschema TO webreaders;

It is often desirable to give a group of users similar permissions to a group of database objects. To do this, you first assign all the permissions to a proxy role (also known as a permission group), and then assign the group to selected users, as follows:

GRANT SELECT ON someschema.pages TO...
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