Book Image

Advanced Natural Language Processing with TensorFlow 2

By : Ashish Bansal, Tony Mullen
Book Image

Advanced Natural Language Processing with TensorFlow 2

By: Ashish Bansal, Tony Mullen

Overview of this book

Recently, there have been tremendous advances in NLP, and we are now moving from research labs into practical applications. This book comes with a perfect blend of both the theoretical and practical aspects of trending and complex NLP techniques. The book is focused on innovative applications in the field of NLP, language generation, and dialogue systems. It helps you apply the concepts of pre-processing text using techniques such as tokenization, parts of speech tagging, and lemmatization using popular libraries such as Stanford NLP and SpaCy. You will build Named Entity Recognition (NER) from scratch using Conditional Random Fields and Viterbi Decoding on top of RNNs. The book covers key emerging areas such as generating text for use in sentence completion and text summarization, bridging images and text by generating captions for images, and managing dialogue aspects of chatbots. You will learn how to apply transfer learning and fine-tuning using TensorFlow 2. Further, it covers practical techniques that can simplify the labelling of textual data. The book also has a working code that is adaptable to your use cases for each tech piece. By the end of the book, you will have an advanced knowledge of the tools, techniques and deep learning architecture used to solve complex NLP problems.
Table of Contents (13 chapters)
11
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12
Index

Bi-directional LSTMs – BiLSTMs

LSTMs are one of the styles of recurrent neural networks, or RNNs. RNNs are built to handle sequences and learn the structure of them. An RNN does that by using the output generated after processing the previous item in the sequence along with the current item to generate the next output.

Mathematically, this can be expressed like so:

This equation says that to compute the output at time t, the output at t-1 is used as an input along with the input data xt at the same time step. Along with this, a set of parameters or learned weights, represented by , are also used in computing the output. The objective of training an RNN is to learn these weights This particular formulation of an RNN is unique. In previous examples, we have not used the output of a batch to determine the output of a future batch. While we focus on applications of RNNs on language where a sentence is modeled as a sequence of words appearing one after the other, RNNs...