Book Image

Hands-On Vision and Behavior for Self-Driving Cars

By : Luca Venturi, Krishtof Korda
Book Image

Hands-On Vision and Behavior for Self-Driving Cars

By: Luca Venturi, Krishtof Korda

Overview of this book

The visual perception capabilities of a self-driving car are powered by computer vision. The work relating to self-driving cars can be broadly classified into three components - robotics, computer vision, and machine learning. This book provides existing computer vision engineers and developers with the unique opportunity to be associated with this booming field. You will learn about computer vision, deep learning, and depth perception applied to driverless cars. The book provides a structured and thorough introduction, as making a real self-driving car is a huge cross-functional effort. As you progress, you will cover relevant cases with working code, before going on to understand how to use OpenCV, TensorFlow and Keras to analyze video streaming from car cameras. Later, you will learn how to interpret and make the most of lidars (light detection and ranging) to identify obstacles and localize your position. You’ll even be able to tackle core challenges in self-driving cars such as finding lanes, detecting pedestrian and crossing lights, performing semantic segmentation, and writing a PID controller. By the end of this book, you’ll be equipped with the skills you need to write code for a self-driving car running in a driverless car simulator, and be able to tackle various challenges faced by autonomous car engineers.
Table of Contents (17 chapters)
1
Section 1: OpenCV and Sensors and Signals
5
Section 2: Improving How the Self-Driving Car Works with Deep Learning and Neural Networks
12
Section 3: Mapping and Controls

Chapter 10

  1. PID, since only simple algebraic equations are being solved. Recall that MPC needs to solve a multivariate optimization in real time, which requires very high levels of processing power to ensure a low enough latency for driving.
  2. The integral term in PID corrects for any steady-state bias in the system by applying a control input based on the accumulated errors of the system.
  3. The derivative term in PID corrects for overshooting the setpoint by adjusting the control input based on the time rate of change of the error.
  4. A cost is used to assign a value to a trajectory where that value is minimized. Example costs are the cost of collisions, the cost of sequential actuations, the cost of using actuators, and the cost of not being at the destination.

    A constraint is a physical limit of the system, such as turn radius, maximum lateral and longitudinal acceleration, vehicle dynamics, and maximum steering angle.